The acronym “BARF” was first used by Debbie Tripp to distinguish those people who fed their dogs with fresh and raw meat and to distinguish between eating itself.
Literally “BARF” means: o Bones And Raw Foods.
The BARF diet consists of raw foods of animal origin, including bones and offal. For this we can also call it Raw Diet.
Making BARF however does not mean giving our cat raw meat to satiety or throwing leftovers from the table, but rather balancing a series of ingredients in order to try to simulate what it would eat in nature, in order to give our friend a complete and safe diet, but also satisfying and really beneficial for his health. "
I invite anyone reading this page to read and inquire elsewhere, possibly by contacting a veterinarian with experience in natural nutrition who will help you start in a balanced way.
I also invite you to read also articles regarding the doubts raised by vets opposed to barf, the possible dangers inherent in this type of diet, despite making a diet barf is absolutely possible and desirable, avoid 'do-it-yourself' as much as possible because damage in the long run can be serious and sometimes irreversible-_cc781905-5cde-3194_ bb3bbad-136 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_BARF or natural food, does not mean giving table scraps, nor random raw meat!
The acronym “BARF” was first used by Debbie Tripp to distinguish those people who fed their dogs with fresh and raw meat and to distinguish between eating itself.
Literally “BARF” means: o Bones And Raw Foods.
The BARF diet consists of raw foods of animal origin, including bones and offal. For this we can also call it Raw Diet.
Making BARF, however, does not mean giving our cat raw meat to satiety or throwing leftovers from the table, but rather balancing a series of ingredients in order to try to simulate what it would eat in nature, in order to give our friend a complete and safe diet, but also satisfying and really beneficial for his health. "
I invite anyone reading this page to read and inquire elsewhere, possibly by contacting a veterinarian with experience in natural nutrition who will help you start in a balanced way.
I also invite you to read also articles regarding the doubts raised by vets opposed to barf, the possible dangers inherent in this type of diet, despite making a diet barf is absolutely possible and desirable, avoid 'do-it-yourself' as much as possible because damage in the long run can be severe and sometimes irreversible-_cc781905-5cde-3194_bb3bbad-136 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_BARF or natural food, does not mean giving table scraps, nor random raw meat!
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- Invia la tua foto | gatti norvegesi
Invia le foto dei tuoi gatti e compila il form qui sotto per essere inserito nella Mappa della grande Famiglia Disir Nornir Carica le tue Immagini UPLOAD MAX 2 FOTO per Gatto First Name Last Name Email Subject Leave us a message... Accetto termini e condizioni Submit Thanks for submitting!
- Quanto costa un gatto norvegese?
Costo adozione di un gattino/cucciolo di gatto Norvegese delle foreste. Tutto quello che devi conoscere prima di acquistare. Gatti hosting gratuito e molto altro... INFORMATION How much does a Norwegian Forest cat kitten cost? How much does a Norwegian cat cost, young or adult? _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ It is true, for those approaching the world of purebred cat breeding, the price is one of the important information, which is first asked, but it is also true that it is one of the questions that the more it hurts the sentiment of the kittens breeder .... You may be wondering why some breeder to this question has not answered you or perhaps answered you in an annoyed way ... I would like to introduce you to the merits, explaining why: The reimbursement of expenses that is requested is not enough to cover all the expenses incurred during the year ... it is not easy to explain in 4 words to those who have never known the "behind" the wings ", how many problems and expenses must be incurred in order to have healthy, happy and well socialized cats and kittens. The economic side, as the first parameter to evaluate the adoption, in the eyes of those who may not have slept for a week in a row to assist a mother with problems and perhaps have left 1000 euros at the vet for cesarean delivery, is really demeaning ... Although the person has all the justified reasons to ask for it, often one feels disheartened and without any appreciation for what is being done ... For this I ask you, try to identify yourself for a moment; try to think of the affection that binds us to a kitten that we have seen born and we have grown for 3 months and then having to entrust it to others who approach us hard-nosed writing only "PRICE ???" How would you feel? Try to put yourself in our shoes where you have NOT spared us in any way, to raise them, starting from the probiotic supplement at 27 euros per tube, which is not enough even for 2 days on an average litter ... from the cost of food of the best quality (in my case meat from the supermarket prepared by me) to the awake nights to breastfeed them, to look after them as like children in the stages of growth, they can get sick and even die ..._ cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ e while this happens you have the old man of the house with whom you are facing chemotherapy, with a heart broken by pain, hoping he will make it_cc781905-5cde-3194-3194 -136bad5cf58d_ ... e this is just a small slice of reality ..._ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Try to think that on this side of the screen ... there are people with all their emotional baggage and the refund asked is vital for their cats, try to use a kind way ... and please! Do not ask us for discounts ... we are not at the market to buy a t-shirt! -_- ' When it comes to living beings the MOST important thing is the health of the puppy and its parents. Here I will try to briefly explain as much as I can, how I grow and what guarantees my puppy has. My philosophy is that of respecting the nature of the Norwegian cat, trying to give them a life as rich as possible of experiences and close (as far as possible) to freedom - feeding them with natural food -biologically appropriate- followed by a veterinarian nutritionist. Our puppies (but also the parents) are fed with Natural food , they do not use kibble and industrial feed rich in cereals that in the diet of a feline, as a narrow carnivore, should not exist. When your Norwegian puppy leaves my home, he will bring with him his natural diet that if you want, you can easily follow thanks to a simple guide with videos and tutorials which I will provide, otherwise I will recommend some of the industrial brands that are less harmful to our beloved Norwegian cats. When the puppy leaves my house he is able to eat both natural and industrial food, as in the last weeks he stays with his mother and siblings, I insert a part of "Grain free" wet and dry feed, in so that you can have a puppy with a really varied and accurate weaning, that will have no problems di "addiction to a specific brand". The parents of the puppies live at home with me but also outdoors in large "protected" enclosures where they can, play and live in the open air and this protects them from many typical overcrowding diseases. -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ The sun, the air, being able to hunt, play and socialize in an adequate way, guarantees that they can satisfy their ethological needs, this keeps them happy, balanced cats able to transmit this character to their offspring. I pay particular attention to the socialization of kittens, who grow up at home with me, pampered and spoiled. They are soon put in contact with feline uncles and grandparents, but also humans, in order to develop an even more balanced character . _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ An important factor that significantly affects the price of the Norwegian cat kitten, are the costs incurred between veterinarians, genetic laboratories, cardiologists to ascertain that the two parents are not they are carriers of the same pathology, and therefore by mating they could fissarne and genetic characters, with the consequent birth of carriers or even sick puppies. Some general information on the parents of the litters: Parents are tested in 2020 for: fiv, felv (ELISA) -giardia (PCR) -NEGATIVE 2021 Parents tested (genetic): GSD4, PKDef -NEGATIVE- Screening Echocardium for Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Ultrasound x Renal Polycystosis (PKD) - NEGATIVE 2021 These tests carried out on parents, some are annual while some are genetic so it is enough to have them done only once. They are visible in a folder (on Dropbox) online, of which you will have the link if you are interested in a kitten. More information on these pathologies you can read them here Therefore, when the puppy leaves his home he will have: -Pedigree ANFI -Agreement between the parties with Health Guarantees. - Certificate of good health issued by our veterinarian, 2 Trivalent Vaccines- or Antibody Titration (to be chosen by the new owner) 2 Negative stool tests for parasites + giardia, timbred in the health booklet by our veterinarian _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5 Treated with pesticide. I follow the owners in a particular way for at least 1 year, until the insertion in the new families is not completed and cmq I will always be available for anything for "the puppy's whole life" and in case something happens, I am available to take it back even in age adult. I like to be and remain a point of reference for new families, of course if this is also your desire. Puppy leaves my house with a kit which includes feeding school, tutorials, pdf videos, food barf. ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ _d04a07d8-9cd1 -3239-9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf584bd9-136bad5cf587d_-136bad5cf587d_ 136bad5cf587d_ 136bad5cf587d5 -134bd8 -5398395 -3395 -3c584905- 20813d6c673b_ ∆ ∆ ∆ _cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ∆ ∆_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136b3b-136bad5cf58d_ ∆_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136b3b- 136bad5cf58d_ 9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf584a ∆ _d08 -9cd1-3239-9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE NORWEGIANS OF THE FORESTS, CHARACTER , FOOD , CARE , TEST , PRECAUZONI , HISTORY AND LEGENDS , PEDIGREE , HOW MUCH DOES A NORWEGIAN PUPPY COST, WE INVITE YOU TO VISIT VARIOUS SECTIONS OF OUR WEBSITE 134
- Vaccini e Titolazioni Anticorpali | gatti norvegesi
Quando vaccinare il gatto, durata dell' immunità vaccinale, titolazione anticorpale gatti , vaccini per gatti, Linee guida 2015 del WASA, sarcoma da inoculo. Vaccines and Antibody Titrations Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Willy Wonka Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Charlie Bucket Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Isak Sylvester Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale Gatto Genny Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Cagliostro Titolazione Anticorpale Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Maya Alexandra Titolazione Anticorpaled Titolazione Anticorpale gatto Vamyr All Disir Nornir cats underwent antibody titration for the year 2017 and were immune, despite being vaccinated 3 e_cc781905-5cde-136badd-136badd Years ago. You can see antibody tests below: (the originals signed by the veterinarian are visible on the farm) Vaccination immunity, given by vaccines for cats and dogs, lasts at least 3 years, as stated in the 2015 WASA Guidelines- ( GUIDELINES) Before revaccinating your cat, ask your veterinarian for an antibody test, as overvaccinating can be the cause of many diseases. Vaccicheck, check if your cat is still covered for the 3 diseases for which you want to revaccinate him. ( VACCICHECK ) Vaccinations and antibody titration: for an informed choice. Premise: Humans are vaccinated against viral diseases (such as measles, smallpox, polio, papilloma, etc ...) as children, up to 6/10 years and then never again since antibodies have been created and will protect during the course of the life towards those diseases. The continued repetition of viral vaccinations will therefore be useless We are only talking about diseases caused by viruses, therefore we exclude bacterial diseases (eg leptospirosis) or caused by spores such as tetanus for which a periodic recall is instead provided. There are also strong suspicions on the possible harmfulness of the same (for some time we have been talking more and more frequently about the responsibility of vaccines in the onset of autism in children and recently the occurrence of post-vaccination deaths has aroused concern and discussions in the scientific field). As in humans, vaccination in our pets also stimulates the creation of antibodies that will remain active in the body for a long time, even if variable. And for the same reasons it is legitimate to think that the continuous repetition of useless vaccinations is in all probability, according to many scientific studies, harmful. But what is the antibody titration? _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_What is it for? ANTI-BODY TITRATION is a simple blood sample. It is used to understand if the vaccinations carried out have given immunity to the animal. With a simple outpatient test you can know the immune coverage status of your pet, so if it is necessary to revaccinate or if you can suspend the annual vaccinations. How much does the antibody titration cost? The antibody titration costs approximately € 50.00 as much as a vaccine. How long does vaccination immunity last? Vaccination immunity, given by vaccines for cats and dogs, lasts at least 3 years, as stated in the 2015 WASA Guidelines- ( GUIDELINES) Where can I find a veterinarian who performs antibody titration? You can find a veterinarian titling antibody in this site, by selecting your region you can choose the_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136905_bad5cf58d closest to you -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ armonieanimali.com When should cats be vaccinated? When do the recall of the vaccine of our cat? GUIDELINES FOR VACCINATION OF GATTO Let's see together now when it is necessary to vaccinate the cat and what are the WSAVA guidelines for the vaccination of the cat. The vaccines considered CORE, therefore to be given to all cats, are those that protect against feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV, Feline Panleukopenia), infectious Rhinotracheitis virus (FHV-1, Feline HerpesVirus type 1) and calicivirus (Feline Calicivirus, FCV). Also in this case the vaccines are defined as core, and therefore highly recommended, because the diseases against which they protect are highly contagious and serious (Panleukopenia) or disabling for the life of the animal (herpes and calicivirus). As for two core cat vaccines, however, these do not offer as solid protection as canine core vaccines. In fact, of the 3 we mentioned above, only the one for the Panleukopenia protects for a long time (like that for the dog parvirus, of which among other things it is a very close relative) , while Herpesvirosi e Calicivirosi_Herpesvirosi e Calicivirosi bbc781-bad5 year need for our high risk For house cats ("low risk cats"), on the other hand, all three cores can be recalled NOT more frequently than every 3 years. The vaccine NON CORE most important of the cat is the one against the Leukemia_Leucemia-136bad5cf58d_Leucemia-136b 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_FeLV). This vaccine must be carefully evaluated especially for "high risk" cats, that is, for those cats who live both indoors and out and who may have frequent contact with other cats. In case it is decided that "the game is worth the candle", the vaccine for FeLV must be richiamato every year. Important: before starting the vaccination protocol for FeLV it is definitely advisable to test our cat for that virus with one of the rapid tests on the market: if the virus is already present it will be useless to vaccinate! For the kitten, as for the puppy, it is valid the rule of design the vaccination protocol in such a way as to_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cupd period " -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_in which the antibodies taken with the colostrum are still too present to guarantee that the vaccine will work, but too little present to guarantee protection. Unlike the dog, however, carrying out an antibody titration can be quite complex. First of all certainly due to the greater difficulty and the high degree of stress that a blood draw in a cat entails. Secondly (but not too much), also because if it is true that finding antibodies to Panleukopenia means that the kitten is protected from this disease, this is not true for Rhinotracheitis and Calicivirosis: the kitten may not have circulating antibodies BUT still have good protection. , there is no correlation. What are the risks of vaccinating cats? One of the risks is the FISS - SARCOMA FELINO AT THE INOCULUS SITE As we had already mentioned here , cats are unfortunately particularly prone to a type of tumor, called feline injection site sarcoma (FISS). This type of tumors, particularly infiltrating and malignant, has been correlated quite clearly with the injection of drugs, including vaccines. It seems that localized chronic inflammation can initiate a malignant transformation, although obviously NOT all cats develop FISS (approximately 1: 5000 according to some data). The vaccines most at risk are those that contain adjuvants, i.e. substances that enhance the effect of the vaccine. So, what can be the indications to avoid this problem? First of all, vaccinate and in any case give the cat as few drugs as possible by injection! The choice of the type of vaccine and the place of administration will then be another aspect that your Vet will take into account. The worst place to inject any drug into a cat: between the shoulder blades! SOURCES_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d _: _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ http://www.mariamayer.it/2016/06/16/linee-guida-le-vaccinazioni-titolazione-anticorpale-le-novita-cane-gatto/ - http: //vaccicheck.com/about-vaccicheck/ http://www.vetpedia.it/site/content/linee-guida-aafp-2013-la-vaccinio-del-gatto https://olikos.org/2015/05/13/titolazione-anticorpale-come-come-controllo-dello-stato-immunitario-del-proprio-cane/ PAGE UNDER CONSTRUCTION, COME BACK TO VISIT US :-) fibrosarcoma-nel-gatto-L-3 collottola-300x200 Schermata 02-2457804 alle 21.58.10 Schermata 02-2457804 alle 21.58.23 Schermata 02-2457804 alle 21.58.38 Schermata 02-2457804 alle 21.58.57 gatto_vaccichech titolazione anticorpale Vaccicheck_gatto titolazione anticorpale
- Storia e Leggenda | gatti norvegesi
pagine dedicate a tutta la storia, con foto e video e le leggende sul gatto Norvegese HISTORY AND LEGEND CHARACTER WHITE NORWEGIANS FALSE MYTHS LEGEND STANDARD VIDEO STORY COLORS
- Arriva il cucciolo | gatti norvegesi
Il cucciolo sta per arrivare nella nuova casa, come prepararsi? quali sentimenti prova il gattino? come approcciarsi con lui? come farlo incontrare ai bambini? WHEN A KITTEN ARRIVES IN THE FAMILY: How do you understand what the puppy is feeling right now? How do you know if everything is fine e which sensazioni test? Will you be happy to be with us? Will he be able to settle in our home? Surely, soon, the little frightened kitten will become master absolute of your home and it will seem to you that he is always lived with you, but this over time. Now the little one needs to acquire security and only you, with your calm and your pazienza you can infuse it. It is obvious that for you who have brought it to your home with so much love that wad of fur is a source of pleasant emotions and great happiness. The children of the house, if you have any, will be very excited and impatient to be able to cuddle the kitten and it will not be easy to reign calm, which at this moment is, however, absolutely essential. A day like any other can truly become a special day if that day, in your home, a kitten arrives, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136_bad5cfina we do not know and who does not know us. This premise summarizes our emotions, but he, the protagonist, the object of so much attention, what is he feeling at this moment? Let's imagine for a moment that we are in his shoes to try to understand him and make this passage as sweet as possible. We keep in mind that he with his mother and his siblings was fine and had no intention of changing residence. He is afraid, he finds himself alone with people he does not know, the environment in which he was born and lived is no longer there, there is no longer even the reassuring presence of a mother cat under whose belly you could run to take refuge in case of danger and then fall asleep happily to the echo of its purr. Those were good times! But what is happening now? He was put in a pet carrier and then, probably, in a car, sounds and noises frighten him and after the journey he will enter a house that is also unknown. he will hide, if he refuses food and does not use the litter box, all this is normal and, unfortunately, inevitable in the acclimatization phase, but we can really make a difference, our attitude, respect and sweetness that we will be able to use towards this creature, not only will it help him to overcome this difficult moment, but it will guarantee us a happy coexistence with a serene and balanced cat.The cat is, in fact, a very sensitive animal and its psyche, especially during childhood , is very prone to suffering trauma which can become very difficult to remove in the future.The password when the puppy arrives home is: CALM. The quieter the environment and the minimized noises, the easier it will be for the kitten to enter. As soon as you enter the house, place the pet carrier on the ground, in a secluded place, open the door slowly and observe from a safe distance (escape distance 2-3 meters). Remember that he does not know you and that, therefore, in his eyes, you represent a danger. His concern at this moment is safety and his atavistic instinct constantly sends him danger signals. The reaction, however, is not always immediate and not always the same, a lot also depends on the character of our kitten. There are puppies that need two or more days to relax, while others, more self-confident, already eat and play quietly the same evening. In most cases, however, the kitten remains motionless for several minutes curled up in the bottom of the carrier. Once it is ascertained that everything around him remains quiet, slowly, slowly he gets up and gestures timid steps towards the outside, his belly almost touches the ground and the gait is plush, all his senses are at maximum tension and any noise. even if weak, it makes him jump. With caution he looks out at the exit, towards the outside world and his nose, at the maximum of activity he tries to catch some familiar smell. The whiskers constantly move like radars in all directions and his eyes look for a safe place to hide. Let him do it, give him time to metabolize it all. Do not be tempted to go to meet him, this would be a very wrong move on your part, remember the "escape distance" and respect it. Probably he, after an initial moment of bewilderment, will run to hide in the place that will seem safest to him, under a sofa or under a bed and he will want to stay there until he feels more serene. It must be borne in mind that nature has wanted him this way, distrustful of everything that is unknown and that he must necessarily obey what his instinct imposes on him. Indulge him, always remember that the cat has no owners, the more you try to force him, the more he will rebel against you. He accepts you as you are, but he expects the same from you. You have to think that nature has given him all the weapons to look after himself without anyone's help, so he doesn't even remotely think he needs you. Unlike the dog that needs to belong to a pack in order to live, the cat is an individualist par excellence. His affection is never as obvious as that of the dog, obtaining it is an achievement that once achieved will be the greatest reward for our efforts. So be indifferent, surely in a short time you will see him reappear, always stealthy, but certainly less frightened. The stomach that sooner or later will claim and the innate curiosity of the cat will do the rest, especially if under his little face, the master, will make a ribbon move slowly and slowly and when he approaches, slowly, a friendly hand will gently caress him. It may be that in the face of so much confidence he will try to take refuge again in his hiding place. Nothing wrong with that, from his point of view, prudence is never too much, but if he won't do it and will allow you to keep touching him, know that the best is done at this point. Calmly try to pick him up by lifting him from under the belly and bring him close to the chest. He will sneak under your clothes, feel the heat of your body and your heart beating, just like that of the mother cat and this situation will remind him of when he slept curled up with his siblings. Caress him with confidence, your hand reminds him of the maternal licks, if when you touch his neck you exert a slight squeeze behind the ears you will give him a little thrill of pleasure, in fact, when the cat has to move her kittens, she grabs them with her mouth behind the neck and lifts them. This gesture of love causes the puppy to abandon itself completely. When you feel relaxed, a scratch under the chin will almost certainly trigger the start of a purr concert and a languid gaze will meet your gaze. Now the road is open, the relationship of trust begins to be established, from here to eternal love the step will be short, just abandon yourself in the wonderful eyes of your cat. Good life my puppies !! Karin - Disir Nornir Kennel Written by: Brunetti and Stroscio Veterinary Clinic
- Sindrome del gatto volante | gatti norvegesi
perchè i gatti cadono dai balconi? i Veterinari hanno scoperto che ... The cat volante For all those who are convinced that cats do not fall and that if they fall they are not hurt I invite everyone to read these lines, written by a veterinarian. Because it is better to think about it first than to despair later. “Flying cat is, in veterinary jargon, the cat that falls from a high floor: a typical spring patient because, in the first heat, people open the windows and cats fall from the eaves. Yes, I know that I am undermining a fundamental pillar of your cat beliefs, but unfortunately it is: it is not true that cats do not fall and it is not true that if they fall they do not get hurt! In several years of first aid I have seen too many incredulous owners forced to change their minds in tears on an inert body: "But he always started sunbathing on the windowsill ..." NEVER trust the common sense of a cat! It is also true that there are many cats who walk on the railings all their life like tightrope walkers without ever falling: so why do some people fall? Given that the owner hardly ever sees his cat the moment he is falling, and therefore it is impossible to know what happened, I noticed one thing: for a while, I visited the litters of new strays on a glass counter. like those of the haberdashery: the kittens, even solidly resting on the surface, could see the void beneath them. Well, some were clearly terrified of this feeling and backed away to get to safety, others didn't care. Could it be that some cats do not have a sense of emptiness and that this predisposes them to fall? It is only a hypothesis, but I point it out. It is however possible to trace an identikit of the flying cat, on the basis of clinical cases: they are generally young cats, born the year before and therefore are found for the first season to be able to jump on windowsills and railings when the windows they are open, or cats of any age who have moved to a high floor during the winter, or those who have joint or vision problems. The few owners who are present when the cat falls report distractions (the butterfly that passes under its nose just as it is jumping) or errors of assessment (the cat that jumps on the doormat leaning to dry astride the railing) ... The cat falls mostly in the evening or at night, either because it is more active in these hours, or because the owners come back and open the windows only in the evening, and is found at dinner time or, poor thing, the morning after all. breakfast time. The season runs from about April to June, from the first heat to when ... the cats run out, but they are seen throughout the summer, including repeat offenders! Yes, because moreover these mysterious animals do not learn from their mistakes, and I have seen at least two return twice in a fortnight ... But here it also gets a bit of the owner's head, isn't it? What injuries can the flying cat get? The injuries of falls from a height range from an unharmed cat to a dead cat, passing through a whole series of accidents grouped under the English definition "high rise syndrome": fractures of the palate, limbs, back, diaphragmatic ruptures, bladder , lung, etc. A thrilling anthology that I hope you never have to experience. Extensive literature has been spent trying to correlate height and injury, but I have seen cats fall off the same floors and some live and others die: in my experience it is more important what they encounter on the descent, which can alter the flight attitude. and the type of soil they find on the ground. If your cat unfortunately falls from above, always take him to a veterinarian immediately, even if he seems unharmed: certain injuries may not be visible immediately, but only when it is too late ... If, on the other hand, you see him "unsafe" on a ledge, avoid shouting and calling him alarmed, frightening him and pushing him into rash movements: it is better to make a tempting movement of bowls and treats come from inside the house. But a lot can be done in terms of prevention: like some of my clients, without getting to move to the ground floor to prevent cats from falling. I always recommend equipping all windows with mosquito nets, while for balconies and terraces the nylon fishing net is fine, anchored and stretched up to at least two and a half meters high, preferably equipped with a "roof" also with a net . I lived on the fifth floor for several years and I assure you it works. Does it seem excessive to "armor" the balconies for the cat? You see ... with this solution I have always slept soundly (and without insects!). Trust me, it is better to think about it first than to despair later ”. Grazia Vittadini - veterinary surgeon For more information on how to "do" I refer you to the page on how to protect balconies, windows , overhead doors and garden, information contacts of specialized companies, or to many ideas for a do-it-yourself. or How to build a fence - (aka catrun)
- Gatti Norvegesi / calcolare le ossa polpose nella Dieta BARF
Come calcolare la percentuale corretta di ossa polpose nella dieta barf? Una delle difficoltà maggiori che si incontrano nella formulazione di una dieta a crudo per i carnivori di casa è quella di stabilire quale sia la corretta quantità di ossa crude da utilizzare. I gattini hanno un fabbisogno di calcio e fosforo più elevato rispetto ai gatti adulti. Pertanto, i rapporti PMR dei gattini hanno una percentuale di ossa commestibili più elevata. WELCOME - Welcome Nuova pagina CATS - Cats KITTENS - Puppies SKOGKATT - Norwegian Cat HEALT - Health BARF - Natural Nutrition ALLERGY - Allergy Blog CONTACT - Contact Risultati di ricerca More How to calculate the percentage of bone in the cat's diet One of the major difficulties encountered in formulating a raw diet for home carnivores is to establish the correct amount of bones to use. Given the universally accepted scheme for the prey model diet, 80/10/10 (80% muscle, 10% bone, 10% internal organs - of which 5% liver), it is necessary to understand what it actually means. 10% of bones. It is not practical to administer a "pure" bone, unless a cut of meat is stripped to perfection and weighed the bone that we have obtained: only in this way we will be able to know the exact weight. On the other hand, it is much easier to know the average percentage of "pure" bone contained in certain cuts of meat, so that we can identify the quantity we need by doing only a few short mathematical calculations (and not an operation bordering on surgery). How many bones do cats' main sources of nutrition contain? Topo _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb589094 -5905c5c3-3194-bb3b94-136bad5ccc3 136bad5cf58d_ 4.89% * Rat _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b94-136baddcc3% Rabbit _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb58,5% * 8bad5cf *** Chicken _cc781905-5cde-3194-3194-bb589094-5c3bcc5-3194-bb589094-136bad5ccc3 136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-3194_5cf58d_cc781905-5cde-3194_b3b_d3b_b3b-136b5c3b_b3b_b3b-136b58-3194_b3b-136b Turkey _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb589094_5cbad5-136b58d81% -136cbad5cf Quail _cc781905-5cde-3194-3194-bb589094-5bcc5-3194-bb3b94-136bad5cd 136bad5cf58d_ 10% ***** Different protein sources contain different bone content: the bone density of a prey is directly proportional to its size. The key to a balanced diet, as always, is variety. An approximate average between these types of meat (the most used in feline nutrition) provides a figure of about 13%. However, it is necessary to modulate the amount of bones present in your cat's diet based on a guideline of this type but paying particular attention to its needs and therefore observing the consistency of the feces. A too high percentage of bones can cause constipation and therefore constipation, on the contrary a too low percentage of them can lead to not very consistent stools. As a result, one cat may need an 8% dose of bone and another, for example, 10-12%. If you use a whole prey diet it is quite immediate to understand how many bones you are feeding based on the data above. If, on the other hand, one is based on a prey model or frankeprey diet, thus using not the whole prey (divided according to weight in one or more daily or weekly meals) but rather parts of different prey it becomes a bit more complicated. -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ It is therefore useful to know in this regard the percentage of bones (data obtained from the USDA National Nutrient Database ) found in the main cuts of meat (and not only in the whole prey), in order to be able to calculate the right amount to be administered: Chicken Wings _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-5894-5c5c3-3194-bb589094-136bad5ccc3 136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-3194_bb5-bb3b-136bad3-136b58c5% Chicken thighs _cc781905-5cde-3181_ _cc781905-5cde-3181- bb3b94-136bddcc3 136bad5cf58d_ 27% Chicken Necks _cc781905-5cde-3181- bb3b94-136baddcc5-3194-bb589094-136bcc5-3194-bb589094-136bdcc3 136bad5cf58d_ 36% Chicken back 44% Turkey wings _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb589094-136bdcc3-3194-bb589094-136baddcc3 136bad5cf58d_ 33% Turkey necks 21% An adult cat weighing 5 kg, following a diet equal to 3% of its body weight, must take 150 grams of food daily, of which: 120 grams of muscle meat (80%) 15 grams of bones (10%) 7.5 grams of liver (5%) 7.5 grams of other organs (5%) If chicken wings contain about 46% of bones, it means that the cat will have to eat 32 grams daily in order to get to the 15 grams of bones needed. It is complicated to calculate the daily balance while it is much easier and more flexible to manage everything on a weekly basis. Following this reasoning, it therefore follows that a 5 kg cat must take a weekly food dose of approximately 1.050 kg of which: 840 grams of muscle meat (80%) 105 grams of bones (10%) 52.5 grams of liver (5%) 52.5 grams of other organs (5%) If we decide to provide the dose of bones using, for example, chicken wings, it will be necessary to dilute about 225 grams of chicken wings over the course of seven days. While 46% is made up of bones, 54% is made up of muscle and skin. Therefore the weekly table can probably approach a pattern of this type: 718 grams of muscle meat (we got about 122 grams of muscle from chicken wings) 225 grams of chicken wings 52.5 grams of liver 52.5 grams of other organs Based on these calculations, a weekly (or daily) table can be created using different types of meat of our choice in a simple and fairly precise way. SOURCES * http://web.archive.org/web/20021026162643/http:/www.serve.com/BatonRouge/nutrition/tissue_percentage_of_common_prey.htm ** http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/779?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=&sort=&qlookup=&offset=format=Full&new= *** http://www.google.it/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CFIQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.famu.edu%2Fcesta%2Fmain%2Fassets%2FFile % 2Fcoop_extension% 2Fherds% 2FRabbitManagement_and_Health_Issues1% 281% 29.pdf & ei = KpMdUa2WB47EtAaG8IDYDA & usg = AFQjCNG_YWjJdbed6bS3_mzqe6yzsknMlA2WB47EtAaG8IDYDA & usg **** http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/935?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=&sort=&qlookup=&offset=&format=Full&new= ***** http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/929?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=&sort=&qlookup=&offset=&format=Full&new= TEXT COPIED BY: http://cats-are-carnivores.blogspot.it/2013/02/how-much-bones-percental-di-ossa.html?m=1
- Maschi norvegesi delle foreste
Maschi del nostro allevamento amatoriale di gatti norvegesi, vivono in casa e nei catrun ( recinti protetti) - Non sono disponibili per monte esterne- DISIR NORNIR CAT WITH BOOTS mother: D * AFJORD'S KAMIKO father: NO * FRU PEDERSENS ISAK SYLVESTER
- Dieta barf gatti-come iniziare | gatti norvegesi
Dieta Barf per gatti, come iniziare, come transitare da alimenti industriali a alimentazione naturale- Passare da crocchette a carne, alimentazione per gatti TRANSIZIONE BARF DEL GATTO FEEDING BARF CAT ATTENTION: This article is not a guide to follow to the letter, take the articles as a starting point to find the best path for you and your friend. If the cat is not healthy you will have to contact a nutritionist who will formulate a diet barf suitable for your cat and its problem . 1) THE CATS AND THE BARF START THE CAT ON A DIET WITH BONES AND RAW MEAT Kittens and some adult cats instinctively recognize natural raw food the very first time it is offered to them. Unfortunately, however, most adult cats who are offered a raw meat and bone diet tend to be unenthusiastic and need some encouragement. Change can probably be a bit problematic and therefore we need to know how to move. Do you usually shake the packet of fish croquettes before pouring them into the bowl? What do you tell the cat when it comes running? Food rituals may be different, but the timing, taste, texture, sight, sound and smell all play a role. Your cat is most likely attached to these strong stimuli, and you, as the care giver, have probably gotten used to the way that works best for you. You literally fueled the addiction. Now imagine the future with your lithe feline crouching hunting chicken necks, quail and whole raw fish. If your cat is young and healthy, you can initiate the change… however, if your cat is overweight, has dental or other problems, you may want to consult your vet before starting a different diet. Preventing access to food for 12 hours is an essential first step. Instead, starting a once-a-day routine, say at 6 p.m., the biological clock will soon synchronize and its anatomy, physiology and behavior will line up, at the same time, in the kitchen. Once the new routine is established, the transition to the new food can begin. There are several “tricks” that can be useful both individually and in combination. A hungry cat will most want to sniff, lick, and eventually eat the new food, so cut back on the amount of canned or dry food. (Do not leave your cat without food for more than 20 hours). Establish only one food, such as chicken, that you want your cat to get used to. The taste and texture of raw food are two things you need to get your cat used to. (Chewing on the bones comes next). Then cut a few strips of chicken and cover them in the bowl with the food on the market. In the following days the quantity of raw meat and decrease that of the croquettes. When raw meat is fully accepted, try increasing the size of the pieces until the chicken necks and wings completely replace the chicken strips. Over the next few days, keep giving less and less commercial food, increasing the amount of raw food. Another trick is to lightly sear the meat (never the bones!) In the pan or under the grill.You can try mixing the liquid from the canned fish with the meat or sprinkle it with crumbled croquettes. You could tempt your fussy feline by making deep cuts in the skin and flesh of chicken wings and bobbins and stuffing them with canned food. You can try tying a chicken wing to a string and playing catch it. If you have multiple cats, they compete and learn from each other. Perseverance pays off, and ten days is enough time for a difficult cat to switch to the new diet. It is best to get your cat used to eating chicken before introducing quail, rabbit, fish, birds or similar food into the diet. In that case, another dose of patience and tricks may be needed… STILL PROBLEMS? Rule # 1: This is not a competition It is critically important that the transition to a new healthy diet occurs very very slowly. The cat has a unique metabolism. If you make dietary changes too quickly, there is a good chance that the cat will simply stop eating, because the new food does not meet its wishes. If you fast, you run the risk of developing a life-threatening condition called hepatic lipidosis, also known as fatty liver disease . That's why you shouldn't even consider making an instant switch from old food to a healthier one. Despite what you may believe, your cat doesn't necessarily eat when hungry. It is known that cats can also starve to refuse a certain type of food. If your cat refuses to eat and develops liver lipid, it will be very tiring to try to save it, and there is no guarantee of success. The last thing you want is a deadly sick cat, a very high vet bills, or the terrible sorrow of losing your furry cat . Please take this advice seriously. Switch very slowly to a healthier diet for your cat calmly. If your cat is a "tough guy" be prepared to spend at least six months, or even a year, switching to the raw food diet. Your consistency, determination, patience - a lot of patience - and even the tricks, one day will pay off . Rule # 2: given a choice, the cat will make the wrong one. There are lots of comments on the HealthyPets forum (which we thank!) From cat owners begging for help in getting their pets to eat better quality food. The point is that the cat is not instinctively inclined to eat healthy food, and this is even more true if it is used to fatty, resulting and poor quality foods. Faced with the choice between his usual processed, very fatty, salt-filled croquettes and a meal that is suitable for the species, alive and raw, your strayed cat will choose the first and turn up his nose at the food he has in really need it for his own good. Your feline companion is an obligate carnivore. If he lived outside alone, he would hunt and eat mice. Cats are "programmed" to eat mice because mice provide exactly the type of protein and amount of fluids felines thrive on . How many of us in the field of animal care, including the American Association of Cat Practitioners (AAFP), who encourage cat owners to switch their pets from dry to wet food, do so because wet food is more like to your cat's natural diet. This reduces biological stress, which in turn reduces the potential for disease. Many dry cat foods are inexpensive. They certainly are affordable. And they sustain life. But they are neither biologically appropriate nor appropriate for the species . Feline renal failure - an all too common, debilitating and sometimes fatal condition - is often encountered in cats that have lived in chronic dehydration for their entire lives due to a dry food diet. 2) LET'S TALK ABOUT PERCENTAGES! DAILY QUANTITY, suggested: Kittens: 80-100 gr / kg CURRENT weight / al of (divided into 3 to 4 meals per) Adult cat: 30-40 gr / kg IDEAL weight / above (divided into 2 meals per day) Pregnant / lactating cat: 60-80 gr / kg weight al di If the cat loses too much weight, it is remedied by giving more food, and / or by inserting foods with a higher fat value, if the cat gains too much weight it is remedied by giving less food. SUGGESTED POWER PERCENTAGES: 15-20% bones pulpose (OP) 15-20% heart 8-10% liver 4-6% other organs 58- 44% boneless meat (CSO) WARNING: Raw pork is ALWAYS recommended, as cats are very susceptible to Aujezsky's virus, a 100% lethal disease. The percentages indicated above are purely guidelines, they are adjusted according to the needs of each individual subject. For neo-barfists the pulpy bones (OP) can be: chicken necks, chicken wings / bats, chicken carcass, quail carcass, rabbit carcass. The thighs of the above-mentioned animals are harder / denser, and once the cat can digest the softer OPs well (observe the possible presence of ossicles in the faeces and / or vomitings in an assairicurrent way). Eventually, at the beginning, the hardest OPs can be crushed by hitting them with a heavy hammer. (Covering the OP with a rag, to avoid splattering of meat) Boneless meat (CSO) could be of any type, for example breast / rump of chicken / turkey, stew of beef, lamb, dianitra, head of beef, etc etc. The choice is wide. Organs: you can administer hearts, livers, gizzards (durelli) of chicken, turkey, rabbit, duck, guinea fowl, beef, veal, lamb etc etc… The liver consists of approx. 3-5% of the total menu, the heart approx. 8-10% of the total on the menu, the rest of the organs can be gizzards (durelli), kidney, lung etc, so on and on and on and on. Also could be included in the diet: oily fish (sardines, mackerel, salmon etc) whole eggcrude, with shell, dairy products, fish oil, some green tripe, some raw vegetables and blended or cooked and NOT blended (both not necessary, but if likes can be offered without any problem). The fish, if desired, can be given in the measure of approx. 5-10% of the total amount. Prefer blue fish, as it is rich in omega 3. (Fish maximum about 10%, of which maximum about 5% blue fish) The more the type of CSO and OP varies, the better it is for the cat's health. For example, you could have a rabbit or duck meal (OP), adding horse, lamb or beef (CSO), chicken organs, an egg and yoghurt. Again, this is just an example !!!! Nothing prevents you from diversifying and balancing instead over a week or two. Considering the fact that the cat is a predator of small prey, such as mice, birds, rabbits / hares, insects, reptiles, lizards, etc. we try to imitate this supply as much as possible. In any case, the cat can also eat beef, lamb, deer and other large animals CSO. -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
- i Gatti Norvegesi Bianchi | gatti norvegesi
Maestosi Gatti Norvegesi delle Foreste bianchi, ispirati alla leggenda della dea Freya, la divinità nordica dell'amore e della bellezza, il cui carro era trainato da splendidi gatti bianchi. Eleganza, mistero e natura selvaggia si fondono in questi meravigliosi felini." The White Norwegian Cats Cats can also lose their hearing due to age, like humans do. In this case it is generally a gradual process that is sometimes difficult to notice. The eardrums become less flexible and the sound is not transmitted effectively. Other cats, on the other hand, are born partially or completely deaf due to a genetic defect. In many cases this genetic defect is related to the pigment or is found much more often in totally white cats. In fact, completely white cats with blue eyes are well known to be very often affected by a congenital hereditary deafness that can involve one or both ears. Breed studies have therefore defined the relationship between deafness and white cats with blue eyes. The responsible gene is a dominant gene which is defined W (White). The first studies on this gene date back to 1930 and have been deepened in the following years. The W gene is a pigment-related gene in cats and is a dominant color gene, but it is not linked to albinism. Cats carrying this gene are not always solid white in color, but they often have colored patches on their heads which may disappear with age. In fact, we often see a young kitten with a colored speck, generally on the head, which then disappears in adulthood. The color that is hidden under the white cloak, dominated by W, is revealed by that speck! Because of this, white cats can produce non-white or two-tone kittens. This gene has complete penetration for white coats, in fact all cats that have this gene also have white coats, but it has incomplete penetration with regard to the blue color of the eyes, related to deafness, even if they are closely related. However, not all white cats are deaf and not all blue-eyed cats have a deafness defect. The penetration variable of deafness linked to the blue color of the eyes can be caused by the interaction with other genes or with environmental factors. Furthermore, if we are in the presence of deafness, this can refer to both eyes or even to only one eye, so it can be bilateral or_cc781905-5cde-3194badd_ . How do we know that the cat is deaf? These cats generally show some changes in behavior. We can notice it since, even calling them, they do not approach or do not notice when we return home. If the deaf cat lives with another cat, we will generally notice that it tends to refer to him for hearing. This means that we will often find him observing the other cat, to understand what is happening. If, on the other hand, it is a single cat in the house with the problem of deafness, it is much easier to notice this defect. The cat, for example, may sleep very soundly, may not notice when we enter the room and may not be aware of very loud noises even close to it. If there is no reaction to a very loud clap or noise, we can really suspect possible deafness. Find out how to live happily with a deaf cat White cats or albino cats? However, it must be specified that these cats are not albini. A true albino cat not only has a white coat, but also the eyes have no pigment, they appear pink. An albino cat is very sensitive to light and needs sunscreen on their ears to prevent skin cancer. However, this prevention is necessary for all white cats. White cats with blue, orange and green colored eyes are not albinos. Albinism is a very different mutation that causes color absence, not color coverage. In the presence of the W gene, white coat and blue eyes, we can have the absence of the glossy carpet (it also happens in some cats with blue eyes with diluted white coat - Siamese) or a very thin glossy carpet, which means that the visibility at night it is very small. This is one more reason not to allow the deaf white cat to go out! Some statistics Studies have shown that if: ◊ Un white cat has both blue eyes is 3-5 times more likely to develop deafness than a cat with non-blue eyes. ◊ A white cat with only one blue eye has about twice the opportunity to be deaf than a cat with both eyes of a different color. ◊ White long-haired cats are three times more likely to be bilaterally deaf. What are the problems encountered? Deaf cats emit very strong vocals just because they don't hear exactly like humans. Due to the extreme utility of hearing in predation and the ability to hunt, this can be reduced in completely deaf or partially deaf cats. Complete deafness, in any case, does not supersede success in hunting. A deaf cat responds equally to its predatory instinct. This is why vocalization in completely deaf cats is an important means of communication between cats, and deaf cats may be less good at communicating with their peers. Deaf cats can conflict with other cats much more often or fail to integrate well into a group. They may find it more difficult when they are still puppies and, moreover, they are more frequently rejected by their mother. Their reduced ability to recognize dangers is the most serious handicap especially when it comes to cats that live outside. Cars, dogs, garden machinery, are the biggest dangers. Cucciolata " ECLISSI" vieni a conoscere i nostri gattini bianchi! Norwegian Forest Cat BAER Testing Results
- allevamento gatti norvegesi Disir Nornir , Parma
allevamento gatti norvegesi a Parma, il significato del nostro nome, intervista sul nostro allevamento, video sul gatto norvegese, allevare il gatto norvegese "Disir Nornir" Amateur breeding, which deals with the protection and safeguard of the Norwegian forest breed Protecting the Norwegian cat means to me, safeguarding this NATURAL breed (read the origins of the breed) through the study and comparison with other breeders, trying to preserve those bloodlines that are being lost in favor of others, used simply for aesthetic purposes. How did I become a "Guardian" of the Natural Race Norwegian Forest Cat "? Sometimes I wonder too ... To tell the truth, I never chose it ... it has been a long journey .. made above all of love for these cats, creatures so perfect, loving, joyful, who fill your life with unconditional affection. I've always been an animal lover, since childhood, but my adventure with cats Norwegian forest starts in 2006; I saw my first Norwegian cat on the internet, maybe how is happening to you in this moment ... it was a beautiful white cat with magic eyes, a magnetic gaze, sweet but so full of pride ... This cat that remained so impressed on me his name was Noel Maelstrom. After some searching, to find a Norwegian in Italy, another photo kidnapped mine heart ..... it was him! Cagliostro Vani's Ark, what would be later became my first Norwegian Forest Cat ... What a thrill it was to go and get it !! I remember like it was yesterday, the walk in the center of Arezzo, with my beloved treasure in the carrier ... and the return trip with Cagliostro who was all composed and sat on the back seat with his paws crossed .... he was a real Lord! and he would have kept this beautiful pride of his forever ... until his last moments of life, where with that paw of his, slightly protruding his nails ... he squeezed my hand for the last time ... Day after day my passion has grown and the desire for knowledge has pushed me to deepen their history ... and so without realizing it and driven by the passion towards their history and their so proud character, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ I was already in Milan to pick up Genny ... the future bride of Cagliostro .... I had become a "Norwegian Guardian" without realizing it ".... and so over time new friends arrived, such as Vamyr, Crystal, Maya, Isak, Brisingamen, Coral, Castella, Riddick, Brilliant, Agra, Catelyn, Marvel, Kamiko, Erza ..... some of them lived only part of the their life with me .... others are gone ... Genny is 15 years old and lives with me while his children Willy and Charlie _cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ have recently left me ... It is not easy to explain for me who am not a writer, what a wonderful experience it is to be able to live with the Norwegian Cats ... treat them, see them born, grow .... but also being there in the moment of illness and death. .. all this becomes inevitably un personal growth path and despite the suffering to which it exposes me to raise, I am really grateful to these special beings, for everything they teach me every day , where their proximity, so clear and clean, is capable of healing your heart .. even from the most deep wounds. THE NAME "DISIR NORNIR" I have always been fascinated by mythology, since I was a child, but only thanks to the Norwegian cats, that I got to know Norse mythology. The Disir are a large group of female spirits who preside over Asgard, they determine the fate of all humans and gods. The three most important disir are the Nornir Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld, whose names translate to "What is success "," What is happening "and" What will come " These three Nornir are hidden under Yddrasil, the World Tree, which has its roots in the water of the well of Urd and to prevent its roots from rotting the disir nornir scatter sand all around. As they sit under the world tree, Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld weave the threads of man's destiny. Alongside these three Nornir there are many other Disir that come when a person is born in order to determine his fate, they are both benevolent and malevolent. Recent research has discussed the relationship between the Norns and the Valkyries, women who visited infants in pre-Christian Norse societies. The Disir Nornir remind me that the only constant in the universe is "Change" and with that in mind ... I imagine a large loom, the warp threads on the loom as our biological, spiritual, cultural heritage .... I imagine Urðr , Verðandi, and Skuld who weave the weft with the threads of our choices, which we have given them, the conscious and unconscious choices of all beings become the weft threads which are then woven together with the thread of inheritance and joining forming the magically mysterious fabric of the Multiverse. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverso
- Cuccioli norvegesi delle foreste
Sono arrivati i cuccioli ! Foto e video dai primi momenti di vita dei gattini. Info su alimentazione, cure, carattere ,carattere, pedigree , cessione I Gattini Norvegesi Contattami per maggiori informazioni Clicca sulla foto del gattino per accedere alla galleria - F- MoonDragon (interesse) - M- Spellvox - M- Taxus ( interesse) - M - Thundermiel






