allevamento gatti norvegesi a Parma, il significato del nostro nome, intervista sul nostro allevamento, video sul gatto norvegese, allevare il gatto norvegese "Disir Nornir" Amateur breeding, which deals with the protection and safeguard of the Norwegian forest breed Protecting the Norwegian cat means to me, safeguarding this NATURAL breed (read the origins of the breed) through the study and comparison with other breeders, trying to preserve those bloodlines that are being lost in favor of others, used simply for aesthetic purposes. How did I become a "Guardian" of the Natural Race Norwegian Forest Cat "? Sometimes I wonder too ... To tell the truth, I never chose it ... it has been a long journey .. made above all of love for these cats, creatures so perfect, loving, joyful, who fill your life with unconditional affection. I've always been an animal lover, since childhood, but my adventure with cats Norwegian forest starts in 2006; I saw my first Norwegian cat on the internet, maybe how is happening to you in this moment ... it was a beautiful white cat with magic eyes, a magnetic gaze, sweet but so full of pride ... This cat that remained so impressed on me his name was Noel Maelstrom. After some searching, to find a Norwegian in Italy, another photo kidnapped mine heart ..... it was him! Cagliostro Vani's Ark, what would be later became my first Norwegian Forest Cat ... What a thrill it was to go and get it !! I remember like it was yesterday, the walk in the center of Arezzo, with my beloved treasure in the carrier ... and the return trip with Cagliostro who was all composed and sat on the back seat with his paws crossed .... he was a real Lord! and he would have kept this beautiful pride of his forever ... until his last moments of life, where with that paw of his, slightly protruding his nails ... he squeezed my hand for the last time ... Day after day my passion has grown and the desire for knowledge has pushed me to deepen their history ... and so without realizing it and driven by the passion towards their history and their so proud character, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ I was already in Milan to pick up Genny ... the future bride of Cagliostro .... I had become a "Norwegian Guardian" without realizing it ".... and so over time new friends arrived, such as Vamyr, Crystal, Maya, Isak, Brisingamen, Coral, Castella, Riddick, Brilliant, Agra, Catelyn, Marvel, Kamiko, Erza ..... some of them lived only part of the their life with me .... others are gone ... Genny is 15 years old and lives with me while his children Willy and Charlie _cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ have recently left me ... It is not easy to explain for me who am not a writer, what a wonderful experience it is to be able to live with the Norwegian Cats ... treat them, see them born, grow .... but also being there in the moment of illness and death. .. all this becomes inevitably un personal growth path and despite the suffering to which it exposes me to raise, I am really grateful to these special beings, for everything they teach me every day , where their proximity, so clear and clean, is capable of healing your heart .. even from the most deep wounds. THE NAME "DISIR NORNIR" I have always been fascinated by mythology, since I was a child, but only thanks to the Norwegian cats, that I got to know Norse mythology. The Disir are a large group of female spirits who preside over Asgard, they determine the fate of all humans and gods. The three most important disir are the Nornir Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld, whose names translate to "What is success "," What is happening "and" What will come " These three Nornir are hidden under Yddrasil, the World Tree, which has its roots in the water of the well of Urd and to prevent its roots from rotting the disir nornir scatter sand all around. As they sit under the world tree, Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld weave the threads of man's destiny. Alongside these three Nornir there are many other Disir that come when a person is born in order to determine his fate, they are both benevolent and malevolent. Recent research has discussed the relationship between the Norns and the Valkyries, women who visited infants in pre-Christian Norse societies. The Disir Nornir remind me that the only constant in the universe is "Change" and with that in mind ... I imagine a large loom, the warp threads on the loom as our biological, spiritual, cultural heritage .... I imagine Urðr , Verðandi, and Skuld who weave the weft with the threads of our choices, which we have given them, the conscious and unconscious choices of all beings become the weft threads which are then woven together with the thread of inheritance and joining forming the magically mysterious fabric of the Multiverse. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverso

Dal 2005 allevo con approccio olistico i grandi gatti Norvegesi delle Foreste dal carattere amorevole e gentile. Ideali per allergici, razza naturale sana e longeva " ALLEVAMENTO ETICO FAMIGLIARE DEL GATTO NORVEGESE DELLE FORESTE “Il gatto che ha camminato nella Mitologia Nordica… e oggi cammina accanto a te.” disir nornir disir nornir disir nornir disir nornir Benvenuto nella pagina della mia Famiglia Felina! Welcome to my Feline Family page! This site was created for the dissemination of knowledge and preservation of the biological diversity of the "Norwegian Forest" Natural Breed. Cat breed, which until a few decades ago risked extinction and which today, without careful protection, risks losing its original appearance and genology. The births of our litters are aimed at " safeguarding the best subjects in terms of health, character and morphology ", to continue and pass on il" Norsk SkogKatt "(original Norwegian name) if you are interested do not hesitate to ask for information IN ADOZIONE : Meravigliose Gatte adulte di Norvegese delle foreste di colore Bianco, Black silver, Blue silver, cercano una casa amorevole. CONTATTACI Per maggiori informazioni e fotografie Cuccioli Disponibili Allergia al gatto? Il Norvegese è ipoallergenico! prenota la tua prova GRATUITA! Novita sul Blog! Maine coon VS Norvegese delle foreste, differenze carattere, come scegliere ? "What does Safeguarding the Norwegian Cat mean?" Above all it means respecting the great work that has been done in the past by great passionate breeders, trying to safeguard those genealogical lines that risk getting lost, thus impoverishing the genetics of this Magnificent Breed. It means that my cats are first of all my family, companions of life, and it is with this spirit that I undertake to respect all their ethological needs, which are always put first, with respect to human needs. My cats are free to climb, run, play, in large protected enclosures, without over-population, with areas organized in compliance with their ethological needs. I live with my cats all stages of life, from birth, to pregnancy, to old age. If my neutered cats live well together with other fertile cats, they stay with me, otherwise they are entrusted to trusted families who will request them. I use for them the best Natural food, BARF, based on meats for human use prepared by me. I take care of my cats with a holistic approach, making use of specialized veterinarians My Affix (Name of the Kennel) is registered in ANFI (Italian national feline federation) Anfi is one of the 41 members of the FIFe and is Legally recognized with DM 6/8/1997 Authorized to manage the Breed Book of the Purebred Cat with DM 9.6.2005 prot. 22790 modified with DM 13.10.2008 prot. 12953 "A heartfelt Thanksgiving goes to the families who have welcomed my puppies in the past but also those who will do so in the future; it is also thanks to you if I will be able to continue in the dream of Protecting this Magnificent Natural Breed" Salvaguardia Salvaguardia Salvaguardia Salvaguardia storia e leggenda storia e leggenda storia e leggenda storia e leggenda The story of the Norwegian Forest cats was born many centuries ago, when the Nordic legends already saw it described in the mythological tales of which it is the protagonist next to the goddess Freya and the god Thor. Around 1220, Snorri Sturluson, poet, historian, scholar and narrator of myths and legends, wrote the "EDDA" ("great-grandmother"), a text that describes the Nordic mythology of pagan Scandinavia, in which large sleeping cats are mentioned long in the tales of these two Nordic deities. The first description of this breed dates back to 1599 when a naturalist, the Danish friar Peter Claus Friis, who lived for a long time in Norway, defined three categories of lynx: the wolf-lynx, the fox-lynx and the cat-lynx. last class plausibly indicated the progenitors of our Norwegian Forest cat. The original name in Norwegian is “Norsk Skogkatt”: Norsk -> Norwegian, Skog -> Forest, Katt -> Cat. The work "Norwegian Folk Tales" written by Asbjornsen and Moe was then published in 1835, with which the Norwegian Forest Cat, becomes part of Norwegian literature and culture. In the work “Norwegian folk tales” he is called "Huldrekat" ("huldre" = wood nymph) and described as a wood cat with a large and bushy tail. In the fairy tales that were later handed down to the Brothers Grimm, this cat probably impersonated, with its long-haired culottes and the hind leg covered with undercoat, the well-known "Puss in Boots". In 1912 the Norwegian author Gabriel Scott wrote a very popular children's book called "Sølvfaks" in which the protagonist of the story is a cat of the woods. Around 1930 some Scandinavian breeders took an active interest in this autochthonous feline and started a breeding with the aim of safeguarding the originality of the species, selecting the subjects for their morphology and thick fur, trying to preserve it from mating with cats to short-haired and other genetic contamination. Already since 1940, during the 2nd World War, this type of cat was used by the Danish army with specific functions entrusted to forest cats during postal transport for the protection of precious goods, parcels and dispatches from the systematic destruction of mice. Only in 1965 these cats, considered "postal officers", were deleted from government registers. In 1943, a book entitled "Cats, wild animals and domestic friends" was published in Norway on the breeding of the Norwegian Forest Cat (authors Reidar and Lund), which aroused much interest in the fate of the national cat and in which the bases for the breeding of the Norwegian were treated: In the years that followed, the search for absolutely pure subjects became the goal of enthusiasts who worked hard for the salvation of the breed against the looming danger of extinction caused by the extension of cities and the spread of short-haired cats. The first representatives of this breed appeared on display in 1969 and in 1973 Helene Nordane and Edel Runas of the Norwegian Feline Federation began the first serious selection and breeding program. In 1974, the first parent pair of Norwegian forest cats (the male Pan's Trulls by Else Nylund and the female Pippa Skogpuss by Edel Runas), the progenitors of all pedigreed Norwegian cats, was recorded in the Norwegian Origins Book. In December 1975 enthusiastic breeders of the breed founded the Norsk Skogkattring (Norwegian Forest Cat Club) which was an instant success.The breeding program was difficult for the following years as there were so few officially recognized relatives that a number of crossbreeding between relatives was inevitable. Before the new breed could be recognized by the FIFè (Fédération Internationale Féline), three complete generations had to be authenticated. In April 1977, when there were about 150 Norwegian Forest Cats registered in Norway, FIFe sent a German judge to a show in Oslo. His goal was to make a report on the new breed, to help the FIFè judges' commission decide on its future. In November 1977, Carl-Frederick Nordane traveled to Paris to attend the FIFé general assembly. He brought with him several photos of what would soon become a new breed. The judges recognized in Pan's Truls, brown tabby with white, the standard with which the entire breed would be identified and assigned the standard number 13 NF. This caused a lot of noise in the country of origin where the photo of Truls was broadcast on television announcing that the Norwegian forest cat had been officially recognized. In 1977 this led to official recognition by the International Feline Federation (FIFe), which was followed in 1984 in America by the definition of the standard by breeders belonging to the TICA (The International Cat Association). In 1987 the CFA (Cat Fancier's Association) also registered the first Norwegian Forest Cat. In Italy it was Elena Scorta (Valhalla kennel) who imported the first two Norwegian Forest Cats, Pan's Pallet, Artax and Sirika in 1988 - Below are some photos of cats from the first Italian breeders, Vallhalla , Vikjngs, Freja's Chariot, Silvanesti's, Ice Lanke, Moon Cat's, Sibelius, ...._ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Photos courtesy of the owners, please ask for permission before using. A great effort was made in recent years to find suitable specimens for breeding that would guarantee a gene pool rich enough to avoid the risks of mating between relatives and this commitment was continued in Scandinavia as well, until 1990, then it was decided to stop the recognition of new subjects coming directly from the woods, the ancestral ones (called "novices"). _d04a07d8- 9cd1-3239-9149-20813d6c673b__d04a07d8-9cd1- 3239-9149-20813d6c673b_Only in 1993 the breed was officially recognized worldwide and the international standard and code definitively formalized. Among the pioneering breeders Else Nylund with her kennel "Pan's" and Randi and Arild Grotterød with their kennel "Torvmyra" deserve a special mention, who contributed substantially to the breed. The reason why these two kennels are particularly remembered is that even today it is almost * impossible to find a cat among the most beautiful of the breed whose pedigree does not have a "Pan's" or "Torvmyra" ancestor in the bloodline. A Special Thanks goes to my dear Norwegian friends, Gunn Inigrid and Roald Pedersens (FRU PEDERSEN'S cattery) for giving me these 3 precious books now nowhere to be found. Home STORA GATTO NORVEGESE

Carne cruda per gatti: guida BARF completa ai tempi di congelamento di pollo, manzo, pesce e altri alimenti per ridurre rischi parassiti e virus." TUTTI I TESTI SONO DI PROPRIETA' DI KARIN PEDRONA -E' VIETATA L ' INTERA O PARZIALE RIPRODUZIONE DEI TESTI Natural Power La qualità inizia dal banco! 🥩 L' Acquisto Il congelamento serve soprattutto per ridurre il rischio parassitario, ma la carica batterica della carne dipende da quanto è fresca al momento dell’acquisto. Una carne appena arrivata al macellaio o al supermercato avrà meno proliferazione batterica rispetto a una che è rimasta diversi giorni nel banco o in cella frigorifera. Puoi prenotare la carne in anticipo dal tuo macellaio di fiducia o chiedere in quali giorni arrivano le nuove forniture al supermercato: così sei sicuro di congelare un prodotto con carica batterica più bassa. Ricorda: più fresca è la carne al momento del congelamento, più sicura sarà al momento della somministrazione al gatto. 👉 Non basta solo congelare: la scelta della materia prima è il primo passo verso una dieta cruda sana e sicura. ⚠️ Congelare non è sterilizzare Il congelamento non è una sterilizzazione: non elimina batteri come Salmonella o Listeria, e non è affidabile contro virus. Serve soprattutto per ridurre i parassiti (Toxoplasma, Anisakis, Sarcocystis) e fermare la carica batterica al punto in cui la troviamo al momento del congelamento Va detto in onestà che i gatti sono MOLTO più resistenti di noi ai batteri enterici, grazie all’acidità gastrica molto più forte e a un transito intestinale rapido, inoltre le patologie causate da Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis e Toxoplasma sono molto rare. Per questo quando si fa dieta barf o si da carne cruda è sconsigliato l' utilizzo concomitante della crocchetta che rallenta il transito 📩 per sapere come fare una dieta BARF sicura ed equilibrata - Scrivimi a Karin@barfcoach.it ⏱️ Tempi di congelamento 👉 Regola generale (uso domestico): Il congelamento riduce i parassiti solo se la temperatura arriva a cuore del pezzo. I tagli più spessi richiedono più tempo. Per prudenza: imposta il freezer che scenda a –20 °C o mantieni i tempi più lunghi. Così il rischio si riduce al minimo e il tuo gatto può godere del crudo in sicurezza. 🐔 Pollo/Tacchino → –20 °C · 72–96 h 🐇 Coniglio → –20 °C · 72–96 h 🐮 Manzo → –20 °C · 96–120 h 🐑 Pecora/Agnello → –20 °C · 96–120 h (fino a 144 h se tagli spessi) 🐐 Capra → –20 °C · 96–120 h 🐟 Pesce (acqua salata) → –20 °C · 48–96 h (UE: 24 h a –20 °C o 15 h a –35 °C) 💧 Pesce (acqua dolce) → –20 °C · 7 giorni 🦑 Cefalopodi → –20 °C · 48–96 h 🦐 Crostacei → –20 °C · 48–96 h 🦪 Molluschi bivalvi → 🚫 solo cotti 🐷 Suino/Cinghiale → 🚫 solo cotti Nel Dettaglio: Pollame e Coniglio → Toxoplasma gondii Pollame e coniglio possono ospitare cisti di Toxoplasma gondii. Studi indicano che il congelamento a –12 °C per 2–3 giorni o a –20 °C per 2–4 giorni inattiva gran parte delle cisti (Alizadeh et al., 2018; Gracia et al., 2022). Per uso casalingo si consiglia prudenzialmente: –20 °C per 72–96 h. Manzo → Sarcocystis spp. e Toxoplasma Oltre a Toxoplasma, il manzo può ospitare Sarcocystis spp., parassita intracellulare più resistente. Studi recenti su ovini (Peris et al., 2024) raccomandano –20 °C per 96–144 h per eliminare le cisti. Raccomandazione pratica: –20 °C per 96–120 h. Pesci → Anisakis e altri Pesci d’acqua salata: rischio Anisakis. La normativa UE (Reg. 1276/2011) impone: –20 °C ≥24 h o –35 °C ≥15 h. In casa, meglio 48–96 h per compensare le performance ridotte dei freezer domestici. Pesci d’acqua dolce: rischio Opistorchis, Clonorchis, Diphyllobothrium. Richiedono tempi più lunghi: –20 °C per 7 giorni. Cefalopodi (seppie, calamari, polpi) Parassita principale: Anisakis. Stesse regole dei pesci: –20 °C per 48–96 h. Crostacei (gamberi, scampi, aragoste, granchi) Rischio parassitario basso, ma possibili contaminazioni da Anisakis e batteri marini (Vibrio, Listeria). Congelamento riduce il rischio parassitario, non elimina batteri. Raccomandazione: trattare come pesce → –20 °C per 48–96 h. Molluschi bivalvi (cozze, vongole, ostriche) Il rischio maggiore non sono i parassiti, ma virus e batteri accumulati per filtrazione: Vibrio, Norovirus, virus dell’epatite A. Congelamento NON li inattiva. Per l’uomo i bivalvi crudi sono un rischio documentato; per il gatto non ci sono prove solide, ma studi hanno trovato norovirus felini (FNoV) associati a diarrea nei gatti (Martella et al., 2015; Sumiyoshi et al., 2025). Vibrio è stato isolato anche in infezioni da ferita da morso di gatto, segno che il batterio può colonizzare i felini, pur senza prove forti di trasmissione alimentare. Raccomandazione: mai bivalvi crudi al gatto. Solo cotti o da fonti certificate. Suino e cinghiale → divieto assoluto Virus di Aujeszky (pseudorabbia) → sempre fatale per gatti e cani. Congelamento non è misura affidabile: il virus può resistere settimane. Regola: mai carne suina/cinghiale cruda. ✅ SALVA LE SLIDE per avere a portata di mano la tabella dei congelamenti Aiutami a continuare la mia opera di diffusione gratuita , regalami un like e un seguimi sui social! TUTTI I TESTI SONO DI PROPRIETA' DI KARIN PEDRONA -E' VIETATA L ' INTERA O PARZIALE RIPRODUZIONE DEI TESTI

La carne non contiene un rapporto ottimale calcio/ fosforo. Correggere una carenza di calcio con carbonato di calcio, lattato di calcio, gluconato di calcio. Soccer As can be seen in the table below most animal foods do not contain an optimal calcium / phosphorus ratio - Our attention should be directed to correcting a potential imbalance. Remember: you cannot correct a calcium deficiency with any source of bone meal, you must use a source that has little or no percentage of phosphorus, such as cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, gluconate of football. There are many different opinions on what the ideal Ca: P ratio should be, but I think it is reasonable to recommend a ratio between 1.0 and 1.3 parts of calcium to 1 part of phosphorus. Unfortunately, it may be very difficult to manage this relationship with the BARF or Whole prey, as the report _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b_bad5cf5c5-3194-bb3b-136bcc7-136bcc7 which might 136bad5cf58d_be adequate for younger cats, may not be adequate for older cats .... If necessary, it is easier to calculate the Ca: P ratio more precisely in diets without bone supply. To achieve the above recommended ratio, you need to add 1000 mg of calcium (approximately 3 grams of eggshell powder) to 1 kg of raw boneless meat ._cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ SOURCE: https://feline-nutrition.org/nutrition/the-importance-of-calcium-supplements-in-homemade-cat-food Calcium Supplements by Ch. M. Ruessheim updated: July 2, 2002 Calcium supplements come in several forms (calcium salts), but only part of the calcium salt is elemental calcium. It is important to know how much elemental calcium a supplement provides because all the dietary recommendations refer to elemental calcium. To calculate how much elemental calcium is in a supplement, multiply the total milligrams (mg) by the fraction of elemental calcium to get total mg of elemental calcium. See examples below: Calcium carbonate: = 40% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg calcium carbonate x 0.40 = 200 mg elemental calcium Calcium citrate: = 21% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg calcium citrate x 0.21 = 105 mg elemental calcium Calcium lactate: = 13% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg of calcium lactate x 0.13 = 65 mg elemental calcium Calcium gluconate: = 9% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg of calcium gluconate x 0.09 = 45 mg elemental calcium Dicalcium phosphate: = 23% elemental calcium + 19% phosphorus * Example: 500 mg of dicalcium phosphate x 0.23 = 115 mg calcium + 95 mg phosphorus * Helmut Meyer / Jürgen Zentek give different values: 21/16 Egg shells: = 36-37% elemental calcium + traces of phosphorus and trace elements Example: 500 mg of dried powdered eggshell = ca. 180 mg elemental calcium Bone meal: _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d _ = _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ 30% elemental calcium + 17% phosphorus Example: 500 mg of bone meal x 0.30 = 150 mg elemental calcium + 85 mg phosphorus Important: Different products have different calcium / phosphorus contents! Check the label! Notes: The use of bone meal as a calcium supplement for raw meat diet may not be warranted for animals with diminished kidney function due to additional phosphorus content. Some other measures: 1 teaspoon of bone meal = 4 g 1 teaspoon of calcium lactate = 3.5 g 1 teaspoon of calcium carbonate = 2.0 g 1 teaspoon of eggshell = 5 g 1 teaspoon of Kitty Bloom Kalac M34 (38-39%) = 5g 1 teaspoon of Animal Essentials Calcium Supplemen t (34%) = 3g 100g chicken neck = approx. 800 mg calcium, 500 mg phosphorus, 100 mg sodium 100g chicken feet = approx. 2130 mg calcium, 770 mg phosphorus, 125 mg sodium 1 large eggshell = approx. 6 g = approx. 2200 mg calcium Calcium / Phosphor Calculator in english Calcium / Phosphor Calculator in deutsch Very useful tool as you can vary meat type, Ca: P ratio as well as calcium / phosphor content of supplement used. The Nutritional Aspects of Bone Composition Mineral Content in Bones of Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. Domesticus) 41.2% Calcium (36.3-45.7%) 16.8% Phosphorus (15.2-18.4%) Ca: P ratio: 2.45: 1 0.49% Magnesium (0.35 - = .64%) 167 mg Zink (93-287 mg) 94 mg Iron (42-195 mg) 8.5 mg Copper (3.3-14.9 mg) 8.3 mg Manganese (4.6-13.0 mg) 10.0 mg Lead (0.9-56.8 mg) 453 mg Fluoride (290-640 mg) 11.2 mg Aluminum (1.6-20.8 mg) Mg values are per kg bone ash. Reference: Bissinger Klaus, Dissertation, University of Giessen, 2000 "Quantitativer Nachweis wichtiger Mengen- und Spurenelemente in Serum, Leber, Knochen und Vollblut sowie einige andere Gewebeparameter und Daten von gesunden, südafrikanischen domestic Farmstraussen (Struthio varachtus). Mineral Content of Chicken Feet Nutrient Composition of dried Eggshells Carbonate vs. citrate Composition of egg shells with adherence of albumen adapted from Animal By-Product Processing & Utilization H.W. Ockerman, CL Hansen Values on DMB (except water & protein)

B.A.R.F. ( bones and raw food) è una DIETA , uno STILE ALIMENTARE, a base di vari alimenti di origine animale CRUDI e di BUONA QUALITA, in maniera da poter apportare tutti i nutrienti di cui necessita il gatto. La dieta Barf si propone idealmente di ricostruire idealmente la preda del gatto ;OSSA POLPOSE, ORGANI, TENDINI, CARTILAGINI, PELLE, CARNE che mirano a sostituire piume/ pelliccia, sangue, organi , contenuto dello stomaco e intestino. Natural Power TUTTI I TESTI SONO DI PROPRIETA' DI KARIN PEDRONA -E' VIETATA L ' INTERA O PARZIALE RIPRODUZIONE DEI TESTI PREMESSA BARF, NON SIGNIFICA DARE POLPA CRUDA A CASO! B.A.R.F. ( bones and raw food) è una DIETA , uno STILE ALIMENTARE, a base di vari alimenti di origine animale CRUDI e di BUONA QUALITA, in maniera da poter apportare tutti i nutrienti di cui necessita il gatto. La dieta Barf si propone idealmente di RICOSTRUIRE LA PREDA DEL GATTO, quindi ; OSSA POLPOSE, ORGANI, TENDINI, CARTILAGINI, PELLE, CARNE SENZA OSSA, ALTRI ALIMENTI COME INTEGRAZIONI o INTEGRATORI che mirano a sostituire piume/ pelliccia, sangue, organi , contenuto dello stomaco e intestino - tutti questi elementi sono ESSENZIALI. Se volete iniziare a nutrire il vostro gatto con BARF tenete presente che NESSUNO di questi alimenti dovrà mancare nella sua dieta. Diversamente potrete avere STIPSI, DIARREA, INAPPETENZA, CARENZE NUTRIZIONALI, , etcc... Prima di iniziare a proporre questa dieta, leggete e imparate i FONDAMENTI di questa dieta- * * * Se non vi sentite sicuri , potete utilizzare il servizio BARF COACH che vi aiuterà passo a passo a comprare, gestire , preparare e somministrare la dieta BARF - Potete contattarmi via E-Mail : karin@barfcoach.it oppure telefonicamente al +39 3894984632 Sono Karin Pedrona “Tecnico della Dietetica e Nutrizione Veterinaria” Specializzata in Dieta BARF per il Gatto. REGOLE BARF - BASE- SEMPLICE Per un calcolo più preciso delle ossa polpose visitare la sezione dedicata Regole per una alimentazione a base di Carne, Ossa e Organi crudi Adatta a un gatto adulto sano ATTENZIONE le percentuali sotto indicate si intendono NON MACINATE. Come iniziare: (Acronimi: CSO: carne senz’ osso OP: ossa polpose ) Pesare il gatto, una volta trovato il peso , calcolare il 2 o 3 o 4% ; questo sarà il peso totale dei pasti giornalieri ( esempio : gatto di 6 kg = 6x3:100 = g 180 ) ( alcuni gatti mangiano il 2% altri potrebbero arrivare anche a 4% , siate flessibili , l’ attività, lo stato riproduttivo, la temperatura, le stagioni... molti fattori influenzano la quantità di cibo necessaria) Questi 180 g dovranno essere costituiti da: circa 66 % carne senza osso ( di cui max 10% di cuore) circa 15% di ossa polpose di vario genere circa 5% Altre interiora a rotazione ( polmoni , rene , milza, cervello) circa 5% Fegato circa 4% Verdure foglia verde, Verdura cotta. Erba a disposizione Queste proporzioni è importante che siano rispettate per evitare “sul lungo periodo” di avere carenze, questo significa che potete sommare le quantità giornaliere e dare , per esempio il fegato una volta a settimana, così come il cuore o anche altri organi, ma l importante è che nell’ arco di 1-2 settimane, riusciate a dare tutto. ( può accadere che gli organi somministrati, in quantità sommata, un unica volta a settimana, causi vomito o dissenteria, se accade somministrare gli organi nelle giuste proporzioni giornalmente) Per una miglior assimilazione dei nutrienti, sarebbe meglio dare ossa polpose , organi e polpa, giornalmente. QUALI SONO LE OSSA POLPOSE ? le Quaglie - NON SONO OSSA POLPOSE - sono da considerare " carne senz' ossa + ossa polpose! Le ossa polpose sono letteralmente quelle ossa che sono rivestite da carne e che sono più morbide delle altre, per esempio rispetto alle cosce che solitamente sono più dure e possono essere: colli, ali, costato di pollo - faraona- anatra, costato ,collo, zampe anteriori e spalle di coniglio, tutte le ossa / carcassa , dei galletti piccoli da 400 gr. COME E CHE TIPO DI CARNI USARE ? Non scarti di macelleria, dei quali non si conosce la freschezza, ne la contaminazioni con carne di maiale. Possibilmente biologiche - allevate all’ aperto- grassfeed- Maiale: NO- attenzione pseudorabbia di Aujezeky Alternare almeno 4 fonti diverse tra quelle elencate qui sotto, alternando possibilmente anche i tipi di interiora, per esempio alternare cuore di manzo, con quello di tacchino, di pollo, di coniglio e via dicendo... Variare è la chiave per evitare carenze, sovra-dosaggi, intolleranze, o svogliatezza nel mangiare. Carni consigliate: Coniglio, quaglia, faraona, anatra, tacchino, pollo, struzzo, piccione Carni a somministrazione limitata: Pesce: non più del 10% del totale settimanale ( se fresco surgelare per almeno 3 giorni) Alternare pesci piccoli come alici, sardine, latterini con pesci senza tiaminasi , più informazioni qui Manzo e Cavallo: non più del 10-20 % del totale settimanale: manzo mediamente grasso ( non vitello) FRATTAGLIE / INTERIORA: FEGATO: Usare possibilmente Coniglio o Pollo No Maiale CUORE: Manzo, tacchino, pollo, anatra, faraona, agnello No Maiale e Vitello MILZA/RENI/POLMONE: Manzo, tacchino, pollo, anatra, faraona, agnello No Maiale VERDURA-FIBRA: COTTE: alternare tra Zucca, Carota, Fagiolini, Zucchine, Finocchio CRUDE: soncino, valeriana, insalata verde, erba I NTEGRAZIONI NATURALI UTILI Fino a 2 rosso d’ uovo di gallina a settimana- o fino a 6 uova di quaglia ( possibilmente allevate all aperto) si può dare anche il bianco, ma deve essere cotto a differenza de tuorlo. Yogurt bianco senza zucchero o Kefir a piacere, gamberetti, vongole, scampi, polpo, rane, Pastiglie o scaglie di lievito di birra secco- Sangue surgelato o secco, sale ( 1 pizzico a settimana) , olio di olive EVO spremuto a freddo- Perle di Omega 3 in caso il gatto non mangi pesce )- burro di cocco, semi di vario tipo semi di girasole, chia, zucca - Latte di capra, ricotta di capra, Parmigiano reggiano. I GRASSI Se si utilizza solo polpa molto magra si deve prevedere l aggiunta di pelle o altri grassi animali come il burro GHE, ma la cosa migliore è acquistare tagli di carne con pelle, o carni mediamente grasse. PREDE INTERE O SEMI INTERE ( quaglie senza piume e interiora) Le Prede intere non sono un argomento facile nella dieta barf, ma è anche vero che non sono essenziali , per cui potete evitare di darle se vi creano problemi, Se si riesce però a fare un piccolo sforzo, i nostri gatti potrebbero trarne un grande beneficio in termini di assunzione di nutrienti che spesso mancano nella carne che acquistiamo al supermercato, come il sangue , l intestino, ghiandole, piume e pelliccia, stomaco etcc.... ma non solo , anche a livello psicologico, portano grandi benefici. Quaglie, piccioni, pulcini, topolini-- con piume/ pelo Se si utilizzano le prede intere nella loro alimentazione, per quel pasto la quota di ossa e interiora è già inclusa- In caso di utilizzo di quaglie senza interiora/piume e testa, va aggiunto il cuore le interiora e le verdura, sono quindi da considerare come Carne senza ossa + ossa polpose GLI ESSICCATI È possibile lasciare a disposizione tra un pasto e l altro carne o pesce essiccati; verificare che non sia un impasto macinato con additivi, ma che sia vera carne/pesce. Ricordate che una parte di essiccato vale all incirca come 3-4 di crudo in termini di quantità, ma a differenza del crudo ha perso molti elementi nutritivi, per tanto non può essere considerato un pasto completo, ma uno sneack- Questi spuntini possono essere usati nascondendone qualche pizzico dentro appositi giocattoli, oppure crearli con piccole scatole facendo un buco dove il gatto possa con le zampe , tentare di estrarli.( simulando così la caccia) Insetti In natura i gatti cacciano anche insetti che sono una parte importante della loro dieta, poichè ricchi di sostanze nutritive. Per chi desidera usarli, è possibile trovarli in vendita vivi o surgelati on line . TEMPI di CONGELAMENTO DELLA CARNE E DEL PESCE Carne di pecora e capra -14 giorni Carne bovina , Coniglio , Pollo e altri volatili ,Pesci di acqua salata, Molluschi cefalopodi -4 giorni Carne di ruminanti selvatici , lepre o altra cacciagione - 14 giorni Carne di cavallo -21 giorni Pesci d’ acqua dolce – 7 giorni Molluschi bivalvi -1 giorno Crostacei -non serve congelare ( fonte Medici Veterinari: Valerio Guiggi, Fulvio Tonello, Nunzio Strusi) Carne di suino e cinghiale – !!!solo cotta!!!- (il congelamento non uccide il virus della pseudorabbia di Aujezky per cui l italia non è indenne) ERRORI DA NON FARE Errori comuni che possono portare a gravi conseguenze: Iniziare Barf su un gatto non sano, senza consultare il Veterinario Pensare che una piccola quota di alimento industriale, compensi la mancanza di alcuni alimenti della dieta barf. Non dare la quota di ossa polpose Non dare organi Cuocere le ossa Dare ossa prive di carne ( ossa spolpate) Cuocere la carne Dare troppo pesce (più di 1 volta a settimana) Non congelare Poca igiene degli strumenti e del frigorifero Non lavarsi le mani dopo aver toccato la carne cruda Scongelare la carne fuori dal frigorifero ( la scongelazione in sacchetto deve avvenire o in acqua tiepida/fredda o in frigorifero ) Dare cacciagione non surgelata almeno 1 mese. TUTORIAL BARF: VAI ALLA PLAYLIST DEL CANALE YOU TUBE VIDEO SULLA DIETA BARF IN PILLOLE: VAI ALLA PLAYLIST DE L CANALE YOU TUBE TUTTI I TESTI SONO DI PROPRIETA' DI KARIN PEDRONA -E' VIETATA L ' INTERA O PARZIALE RIPRODUZIONE DEI TESTI

Maestosi Gatti Norvegesi delle Foreste bianchi, ispirati alla leggenda della dea Freya, la divinità nordica dell'amore e della bellezza, il cui carro era trainato da splendidi gatti bianchi. Eleganza, mistero e natura selvaggia si fondono in questi meravigliosi felini." The White Norwegian Cats Cats can also lose their hearing due to age, like humans do. In this case it is generally a gradual process that is sometimes difficult to notice. The eardrums become less flexible and the sound is not transmitted effectively. Other cats, on the other hand, are born partially or completely deaf due to a genetic defect. In many cases this genetic defect is related to the pigment or is found much more often in totally white cats. In fact, completely white cats with blue eyes are well known to be very often affected by a congenital hereditary deafness that can involve one or both ears. Breed studies have therefore defined the relationship between deafness and white cats with blue eyes. The responsible gene is a dominant gene which is defined W (White). The first studies on this gene date back to 1930 and have been deepened in the following years. The W gene is a pigment-related gene in cats and is a dominant color gene, but it is not linked to albinism. Cats carrying this gene are not always solid white in color, but they often have colored patches on their heads which may disappear with age. In fact, we often see a young kitten with a colored speck, generally on the head, which then disappears in adulthood. The color that is hidden under the white cloak, dominated by W, is revealed by that speck! Because of this, white cats can produce non-white or two-tone kittens. This gene has complete penetration for white coats, in fact all cats that have this gene also have white coats, but it has incomplete penetration with regard to the blue color of the eyes, related to deafness, even if they are closely related. However, not all white cats are deaf and not all blue-eyed cats have a deafness defect. The penetration variable of deafness linked to the blue color of the eyes can be caused by the interaction with other genes or with environmental factors. Furthermore, if we are in the presence of deafness, this can refer to both eyes or even to only one eye, so it can be bilateral or_cc781905-5cde-3194badd_ . How do we know that the cat is deaf? These cats generally show some changes in behavior. We can notice it since, even calling them, they do not approach or do not notice when we return home. If the deaf cat lives with another cat, we will generally notice that it tends to refer to him for hearing. This means that we will often find him observing the other cat, to understand what is happening. If, on the other hand, it is a single cat in the house with the problem of deafness, it is much easier to notice this defect. The cat, for example, may sleep very soundly, may not notice when we enter the room and may not be aware of very loud noises even close to it. If there is no reaction to a very loud clap or noise, we can really suspect possible deafness. Find out how to live happily with a deaf cat White cats or albino cats? However, it must be specified that these cats are not albini. A true albino cat not only has a white coat, but also the eyes have no pigment, they appear pink. An albino cat is very sensitive to light and needs sunscreen on their ears to prevent skin cancer. However, this prevention is necessary for all white cats. White cats with blue, orange and green colored eyes are not albinos. Albinism is a very different mutation that causes color absence, not color coverage. In the presence of the W gene, white coat and blue eyes, we can have the absence of the glossy carpet (it also happens in some cats with blue eyes with diluted white coat - Siamese) or a very thin glossy carpet, which means that the visibility at night it is very small. This is one more reason not to allow the deaf white cat to go out! Some statistics Studies have shown that if: ◊ Un white cat has both blue eyes is 3-5 times more likely to develop deafness than a cat with non-blue eyes. ◊ A white cat with only one blue eye has about twice the opportunity to be deaf than a cat with both eyes of a different color. ◊ White long-haired cats are three times more likely to be bilaterally deaf. What are the problems encountered? Deaf cats emit very strong vocals just because they don't hear exactly like humans. Due to the extreme utility of hearing in predation and the ability to hunt, this can be reduced in completely deaf or partially deaf cats. Complete deafness, in any case, does not supersede success in hunting. A deaf cat responds equally to its predatory instinct. This is why vocalization in completely deaf cats is an important means of communication between cats, and deaf cats may be less good at communicating with their peers. Deaf cats can conflict with other cats much more often or fail to integrate well into a group. They may find it more difficult when they are still puppies and, moreover, they are more frequently rejected by their mother. Their reduced ability to recognize dangers is the most serious handicap especially when it comes to cats that live outside. Cars, dogs, garden machinery, are the biggest dangers. Cucciolata " ECLISSI" vieni a conoscere i nostri gattini bianchi! Norwegian Forest Cat BAER Testing Results

Tutto ciò che vuoi sapere su come fare barf, libri, video, forum, info , link ... calculating bone percentages in the diet calculating bone percentages in the diet

tabelle quantità di taurina nella carne, alcuni studi, fabbisogno taurina nel gatto, carenza di taurina alimentazione commerciale... Taurine Tables Where to read more: SOURCE1 - SOURCE 2 - FONTE 3-bbc794- bad5-136badd The taurine requirement of the adult cat H. BURGER1 andK. C. BARNETT2 Taurine in fish Study on the lack of taurine in mothers and puppies Taurine: Taurine (from the Latin taurus, bull, as it was originally isolated from bull bile by the German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-1365cf58d_ammino-sulfur-ammonium acid is an acidic chemical abundant in many tissues of various animals, including humans. Small polypeptides containing taurine have been identified, but to date no aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase has been found capable of specifically recognizing taurine and capable of incorporating it into RNA. Taurine covers numerous and important functions; is, for example, a precursor of bile salts. to produce new bile salts and replace those lost in the faeces), participates in the growth and maturation of nervous tissues, contributes to the maintenance of good eyesight and correct heart function and, in the female, has an important role at the reproductive level. A deficiency can lead to un heart failure, poor immune response, poor neonatal growth, deafness, lower number of fetuses, resorptions, miscarriages, low birth weight, low survival rate of newly born kittens born, and birth defects, such as, abnormal development of the zampe posterior, and skeletal abnormalities including curved spines and short stature. Taurine is also found in some bacterial species in more modest quantities and in rare cases in plants; _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb358d_ 136bad5cf found in red algae, but not in brown algae o green , some traces in some plant foods, such as, nuts. Taurine is also present at high levels in the insects (don't be surprised if cats love to hunt them). Taurine is abundant in the tissues of most fish, birds and rodents, and in lower concentrations in larger animals, such as cattle. Taurine in cats, is mainly synthesized in the liver by aminoacids containing sulfur, methionine and cysteine, and the action of numerous enzymes, including cysteine sulfur dioxide and cysteine dioxinic acid . In cats, as the activity of liver enzymes is very low, the biosynthesis of taurine from its precursors is insufficient_cc781905-bbc3b-3194 unlike dogs, taurine intake is therefore essential. Furthermore cats waste large amounts of taurine, in fact, like dogs, they only use taurine for the conjugation of bile acids, while humans and rats can also use glycine (Morris et al., 1987), this leads to a continuous loss of taurine, such as a substantial part is not recovered from the entero-hepatic circulation and is lost in the faeces. Why did the cat lose its ability to synthesize an essential nutrient such as taurine? In these circumstances the production of taurine is a waste of energy, while the deamination and desulfurization of cysteine is an alternative metabolic pathway that allows cats to produce energy, rather than taurine from the catabolism of the sulfur amino acids . Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in animal tissues, cats that live in the wild and which forage themselves for food by hunting, are not deficient in taurine. A mouse - contains a very high amount of taurine compared to other types of meat - about 2.4 mg / gram . The good news is that taurine is present in many types of muscle meat, is abundant in the heart. Chicken hearts are a fantastic source of taurine for cats. The amino acid taurine-sulfonic is now recognized as essential for the cat that needs about 10 mg / kg adult. In the last decade, cats fed with diets characterized by an insufficient presence of taurine have shown two diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and progressive retinal atrophy. Unfortunately, only some clinical pictures can be resolved with a subsequent supplementation of taurine and it is therefore important that this amino acid is present in adequate quantities in any diet for cats. In order to have an optimal amino acid level, canned feeds need a higher concentration of taurine than dry feeds. The reason for this difference is not known, but a reason can be found in the difference in the formulation of the two products. Furthermore, since taurine is "free", as previously mentioned, it is not incorporated into the proteins, furthermore this molecule is thermosensitive and si alloy_cc7 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_all water very quickly so it is easy to lose it in the defrosting phase of the meat- For these reasons it is advisable to administer to the cat carne cruda not minced. A diet based on pulpy bones and organs is abundant in taurine (arginine and arachidonic acid). However, heat destroys about 2/3 of the taurine content (some research says that the heat destroys between 50% and 100% of taurine). Heat destroys all essential amino acids, enzymes, and a high percentage of nutrients. This becomes a problem if you feed your cat cooked meat. Not there are clinical studies fact on the daily need_cc781905-gattofied-136 in the diet of a takadin it takes months or even years, to see the results of a taurine deficient diet . Therefore, very few experiments have been done, however, in the few controlled clinical trials that have been done it has been observed that the cats given 500 mg / kg _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_food- of taurine in their daily diet showed no signs of deficiency. At higher doses, researchers saw a slight improvement in reproduction. In a 17-month study, cats given were given 375 mg / kg daily taurine had _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136badd a normal value ERG, as opposed to 250mg which was too low and caused cardiac abnormalities. The National Research Council (NRC) specifies that the minimum recommended amount of taurine for adult cats is 0.0099 kg. per kilogram of body weight. For kittens, the minimum quantity is 0.017 kg. per kilogram of body weight, but la recommended dose of 0.33 kg. of taurine per kilogram of body weight . If you want to see the long-term results of a taurine deficiency in cats all you need to do is take a research from Dr. Frances Pottenger. From 1932 to 1942, Pottenger conducted a food experiment con foods To summarize his experiment: he divided about 100 cats into two groups: one group was fed with raw milk and raw meat, and the other group was fed cooked food and pasteurized milk. Cats fed raw food, grew up healthy and si are reproduced. The cats fed cooked foods, destroyed their salute, fell ill with blindness, heart disease, high death rate of the kittens, until they were no longer able to reproduce. As you can see, cats that were fed cooked foods had all the classic symptoms of a taurine deficiency. (NOTE: Pottenger's intention was not to study the nutritional needs of cats, but to demonstrate that "facial deformities" in humans - narrowed jaws, crowded teeth, brittle bones, and even difficult pregnancies - was the result of our Western diet made of industrial foods). Earlier this year, I had a couple of clients who came to me with cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a heart disease that causes the heart to thicken. , what I found interesting is that both of these cats were fed the same brand of a processed "holistic" cat food (how can holistic food be processed? this is what I call a oxymoron!). For me, this was a red flag. And, this is why ... most vets will tell you that the cause of HCM is unknown, or that some breeds are predisposed to HCM. I believe the nutrigenomics _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ should be considered. Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of foods and food components on gene expression. I suspected that this particular brand of cat food may have been deficient in taurine, but I checked the pet food recalls page on the FDA website , did not see the brand indicated ... However, this reminds me of a story: In 1988, a veterinary cardiology student noticed that one of his feline patients who was being treated for congestive cardiomyopathy had an extremely low blood serum ur . Now, this cat has been fed "" best quality "feed" food "premium _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-1365cf58d_commercial label, which they contained all the daily requirement of taurine. The perplexed veterinarian, came back then check other clinical cases of cardiomia_cardiomia-136b-136b-big surprise found that almost all cases of this disease had low levels of taurine in the blood. When the cats were given a taurine supplement many of them showed a noticeable improvement. What was going on? All the cats were eating "di premium quality" which supposedly contained the necessary levels of taurine! The problem was that the taurine was deactivated during the cooking procedure of processing the cat food. You see, the "feeding paths" of pet food manufacturers' only last about 6 months, so if the animal is still alive and appears to be in good health after 6 months, _cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ pet food is authorized for public sale. However, it takes more than 6 months to see the effects of a taurine deficiency in a cat. In any case, due to the discovery by this veterinary student, the pet food manufacturer corrected their mistake but, I can assure you these nutritional errors continue to occur today. If you don't believe me, just take a look at the FDA website on pet food. Now, to answer the question: Is it necessary to add a taurine supplement to raw meat? Well, I have already mentioned what happens to vitamins, enzymes and all essential amino acids when the meat is cooked ... but, with a raw meat diet the concern is only for the defrosting phase. When the meat is frosted there is only a slight decrease in taurine. Furthermore, since taurine is soluble in water and during defrosting some water is released from the meat, taurine can get lost in it ... If you are still concerned about the taurine content in raw meat then I would suggest the following: Since the highest amount of taurine is present in the muscle make sure you give it to your cat, muscle, and especially the heart (the heart is a muscle). Let's take a look at the taurine content of some meats: HERE (NOTE: Taurine is at its highest level in the small heart muscle of a mouse). If you still want to add a taurine supplement to your cat's food, remember that what you are adding is synthetic and not natural taurine. Synthetic Taurine is obtained from isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite. Another approach is the reaction of aziridine with sulphurous acid, which also leads directly to taurine. Personally, I would avoid any taurine coming from China, simply based on their reputation for exporting contaminated food. Perhaps it is impossible to avoid buying from China as it is the leading exporter of synthetic taurine. As of 2010, China alone has more than 40 taurine producers. Most of these companies employ the ethanolamine method for a total production of around 3,000 tons per year. An Important Word About Ready Commercial Barf & Taurine I'm not a huge fan of raw ground beef for several reasons: Firstly, it's soft, so_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136ccbad5cf58d -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_does not clean teeth, ( is the chewing of the bones to track _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136badaro). furthermore, minced meat is not a natural way in which a cat would have eaten its prey. Also, I do not like i specialized brands in raw ground they do not contain appropriate fruit, vegetable and vegetable to a carnivore), and synthetic vitamins. Some ready-made barf preparations, already contain bones e organi which is OK if you have a cat that doesn't eat them, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136_bad5cfandoli all i days this would be too much and could cause; liquid stool, overdose of vitamin A. (bones and organs must be added in proportion to the diet). But, more importantly, grinding the meat reduces the taurine content, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d _cc790-5 therefore increases the surface of the meat -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_la exposes the most to air, which entails the oxidation of the to air, this entails the oxidation of the_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Also, due to exposure to air, grinding may cause a decrease in other nutrients , such as, vitamin E or vitamin B6. Additionally, grinding creates the perfect environment for bacteria to grow, and bacteria also use the taurine in the meat, further reducing the total amount of taurine available to your cat. So, if you feed your cat a raw ground diet, they can't get all the taurine they need to thrive. What we can do for our cats is give them a rotation of various solid whole pieces of fresh meat (rabbits, chicken, turkey, quail, mice, etc.), organs, bones, and limit the time the meat is kept in the freezer e above all, do not grind. TEXT TRANSLATED FROM THE DISIR NORNIR BREEDING, to use please send an e-mail to: karin72@cheapnet.it Taurine deficiency Typical bleached retina due to taurine deficiency in a cat Echocardiograph of taurine-deficiency associated dilated cardiomyopathy (time-movement mode) before (on the left) and after (on the right) taurine supplementation. In this patient, the echocardiography shows a reduced shortening fraction and a dilatation of the left cavities (left picture). These alterations are reversible after taurine administration (right picture). ESD: end systolic diameter of the left ventricle / EDD: end diastolic diameter of the left ventricle. 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gatto maschio silver norvegese delle foreste TINGOSKATTENs JARL _cc781905-5cde -3194- bb5894_ISbad5c3 -owner WORLD'S Cattery -Milano Italy Scan Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Issued by Claudio Bussadori Dates 21/11/18 (age 1.4.15) Result Normal - - - RDA (PCR) Date 12/2/2019 Chlamydya- Herpes- Chalices- Mycoplasma Result Negative - - - * Pedigree * Tingoskattens Jarl, M, NFO ns 24, 06/07/17, NO / IT Father: NW SC Sakeena's Aston Martin, JW Mother: Tingoskattens Zona

Dal nostro allevamento etico Disir Nornir, i Gatti Norvegesi delle Foreste vivono oggi in tutta Italia. Scopri le loro storie, le foto e le recensioni provincia per provincia. PAGINA IN COSTRUZIONE TORNA A TROVARCI Mappa dei Gatti Norvegesi delle Foreste in Italia: Storie, Foto e Amore Come funziona: Scegli la regione dalla griglia qui sotto. All’interno troverai le province con foto e testimonianze. Hai adottato un nostro gattino Norvegese? Invia la tua foto !! Qui raccogliamo le storie , foto e recensioni degli adottanti dei nostri gattini, regione per regione e provincia per provincia. È la mappa affettiva della grande famiglia Disir Nornir. Invia Regioni d’Italia: VALLE D' AOSTA Gatti norvegesi in Valle D' Aosta PIEMONTE Gatti norvegesi in Piemonte TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE Gatti norvegesi in Trentino Alto Adige LOMBARDIA Gatti norvegesi in Lombardia FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA Gatti norvegesi in Friuli Venezia Giulia VENETO Gatti norvegesi in Veneto EMILIA ROMAGNA Gatti norvegesi in Emilia Romagna TOSCANA Gatti norvegesi in Toscana LIGURIA Gatti norvegesi in Liguria MARCHE Gatti norvegesi nelle Marche UMBRIA Gatti norvegesi in Umbria SARDEGNA Gatti norvegesi in Sardegna ABRUZZO Gatti norvegesi in Abruzzo LAZIO Gatti norvegesi in Lazio MOLISE Gatti norvegesi in Molise BASILICATA Gatti norvegesi in Basilicata PUGLIA Gatti norvegesi in Puglia CAMPANIA Gatti norvegesi in Campania CALABRIA Gatti norvegesi in Calabria SICILIA Gatti norvegesi in Sicilia

colorazione dei gatti norvegesi, silver, smoke, shaded, causati da un gene che scolora il pelo partendo dalla base, colorandolo dei toni dell argento. ( esistono 2 teorie) SILVER AND SMOKE "Il gene that makes the Norwegians shine" In some Norwegian cats the brindle design contrasts, instead of on the usual yellowish background on a background white / bright silver; in others, when they walk, the hair opening reveals the sparkle of an icy fog. These cats are always a sight e depending on the design of the coat called_bsc7905-bbc3b3-81d81-3194b9905-bbc3cc3-3194bd81-136b905-3194bd81-136bcc3 -136bad5cf58d_ (smoke), _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Silver (silver), _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d7_Shaded5-136bad5cf58d_Shaded5-136bad5cf58d_Shaded5 Whatever name they are given, they all have one feature in common: the presence of a gene that makes the pigment at the base of the hair disappear completely, the area closest to the skin of cats where the hair is already normally less densely colored due to the effect of body heat on the melanin granules. The gene in question is dominant, and is indicated with the letter "I" capital Smoke, Silver and Shaded obviously can exist on all colors of Norwegians. Below you will see a large gallery of images. SMOKE: Cats are called "Smoke" in which the "I" gene, which discolours the hair at the base, is present on a "NOT TIGERED" cat The root of the hair (from 1/3 to half of the length) is silver white, while the rest is colored: the stationary cat seems to be solid in color, only when it moves can you see the contrast at the base of the hair. Often one can notice a gray shade of the black fur which forms a rich silver colored ruff. Smoke puppies often have a brindle pattern (phantom brindle), which usually disappears within the first year of life. SILVER Cats are called Silver in which the "I" gene that discolors the hair at the base is present on a "TIGRATO" cat The tab design which often includes darker and lighter bands, usually yellowish, in the presence of the silver gene, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bbcfb-136d of a very bright ice white, on which the design will stand out in a particular way. Often on puppies, up to the age of 5/6 weeks is not easily recognizable. Photo gallery of SMOKE cats with and without white Out of gallery Photo gallery of SILVER cats with and without white Out of gallery Hints of Genetics Feline genetics: a combinatorial approach Massimo Picardello University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Department of Mathematics 00133 Rome, Ital y The silver colors (smoke, silver). We now turn to the silver-colored varieties: smoke, silver tabby, shaded silver and chinchilla (and their pheomelanistic equivalents, sometimes called cameo). In these varieties, the base of the hair is depigmented, silver white, without traces of reddish tones. In some silver tabbies, however, the color reaches the root of the hair in the brindle areas. Silver tabbies are brindle cats whose agouti areas are a livid silver hue, with high contrast to brindle. Chinchillas have no traces of branding (in the case of an ideal specimen), and only the tips of the hair are colored (tipping). In shaded, the color on the tips of the hair covers about one third of the length (often less). In the smoke, the silver part is between a third and the initial half of the hair, the rest is colored. The one-gene theory In the past, a single main gene, , was considered responsible for silver colors. indicated with I (inhibitor), responsible for the braking action on the production of pigment and also for the elimination of the reddish shades typical of eumelanistic colors, especially in the agouti areas of brown tabbies. The mechanism by which a single gene can produce such different color varieties is as follows. Smokes are non-agouti cats, and the I gene lightens and bruises the base of the coat, giving it a pure silver color, evenly over the whole body. The braking action of the pigmentation produced by this gene can be limited to about a third of the hair, or be greater, reaching the middle of the hair or slightly beyond. All other silver varieties are agouti. Chinchillas and shaded are agouti with a ticked pattern. (Important warning: Chinchilla or shaded silver puppies often display a mackerel or classic [= blotched] phantom pattern, which disappears as they grow. This does not mean that these puppies are not genetically ticked. Ghost bands are common in ticked puppies: ad for example, they are sometimes seen in the Abyssinians. At most, the presence of phantom stripes may be an indication that the cub is heterozygous for the ticked pattern, but this is not necessarily true). Gene I lightens the base of the hair, but without its effect the hair would not have been all pigmented: there would have been various agouti bands, lighter. The action of I brightens the brown tones of these bands and transforms them into silver as well. Since the lightening due to the inhibition at the base combines with the further silvering of the agouti bands above the cut level of the inhibitory action, the percentage of silver hair extends, and reaches about two thirds in the case that the gene I operate in a mild way (shaded silver), and on all the hair except the tip (the last band of color of the ticked hair) in case the action of I is accentuated (chinchilla). That the chinchilla and shaded silver of eumelanistic colors are agouti is also clear from the fact that the skin of their nose is brick red (or deep pink) with the typical external border of brindle. Finally, the silver tabbies are brindle with a classic (blotched) or mackerel / spotted pattern. it is clear that the action of gene I is much more visible on the agouti areas than on the markings of the brindle, and this gives rise to the brindle design with very high contrast. But just by examining the silver tabbies we see that the genetic explanation of silver colors cannot be based on a single gene. In fact, if this were the case, the brindle markings should be lightened at the base, as in the smoke. But if on the one hand we see silver tabbies of this type, on the other hand we see many others in which the color reaches the root in the brindle areas. Geneticist Roy Robinson, in his well-known book Genetics for Cat Breeders (Cambridge, 1972, 2nd edition), suggests that on brindle areas the action of color filling overpowers silver lightening. But this seems strange, given that on smoke, where the same action occurs on the whole body, the opposite occurs. In any case, it would not be possible to explain why in some silver tabbies there is basic lightening in the brindle areas and in others not. The two-gene theory The most modern theories - see the articles by J. Jerome, TICA Trend vol. 13 n. 6 (Dec. 1992 / Jan. 1993) pg. 14 and TICA Yearbook 12 (1991), pg. 218- assert that two distinct genes act on silver, one responsible for the inhibition of the pigmentation at the base of the hair, the other for the elimination of reddish tones (bleaching, bleaching). We will call this second gene the "silver gene" (Sv). The inhibition gene, on the other hand, we will indicate with I, warning the reader on the fact that some recent texts denote with Sh the mild form of the inhibition gene, responsible for the shaded mantle, and with Ch the intense form, responsible for the chinchilla mantle . But there is insufficient evidence that the difference between the two effects is due to two alleles of the inhibiting gene rather than the action of a group of supporting polygens, and indeed the transition from shaded to chinchilla mantle is quite gradual. than net. Therefore we will not refer here to the alleles Sh and Ch, confident that the reader can now easily adapt the conclusions to the context of articles or books that instead refer to them. Therefore, in these notes we do not distinguish genotypically shaded silvers and chinchilla, attributing the difference to secondary polygens. At this point, the correspondence between the color varieties seen above and their genotypes is clear: Smoke: aa I- Sv - Shaded silver and chinchilla: A- TaTa I- Sv - Silver tabby mackerel / spotted: A- TT I- Sv - if the root of the hair in the brindle areas is silver (silver tabby shell or shaded, depending on whether the silvering is accentuated or reduced); branding is not silver. Silver tabby classic (blotched): A- TT ii Sv - if the hair root in the areas of A- tbtb I- Sv - if the root of the hair in the brindle areas is silver (silver tabby shell or shaded, depending on whether the silvering is accentuated or reduced); branding is not silver. A- tbtb ii Sv - if the hair root in the areas of We have indicated the ticked design gene in shaded and chinchilla as homozygous because the dominance of the design genes is only partial. For example, the TaT combination produces a hybrid design, with diffuse ticking partially superimposed on a mackerel design (mainly on the legs and tail, but often a little also on the flanks). If this is the genotype, the uniformity of the tipping is lost. Of course, cats with these characteristics would still be registered as shaded or chinchilla, but their color would be less consistent with the standard. It should be noted that an ideal silver tabby does not need the action of the inhibition gene I to achieve a perfect contrast between base areas and stripes. In fact, the silver Sv gene lightens and transforms the agouti bands of the hair in the base areas into a pure silver color, which therefore results silvery and livid. Furthermore, the absence of the shading gene I causes the brindle areas to be intensely colored up to the root, increasing the contrast, especially on black silver tabbies, where the elimination of reddish tones makes the black color more intense. is alive. Other color varieties predicted by the two-gene theory; the golden If we substituted genotype I- with genotype ii in shaded and chinchilla, we would obtain A- TaTa ii Sv-. Phenotypically, these cats should be silver ticked tabby in the variant ii, not shaded, that is, with a black band at the beginning of the hair, in contact with the skin. However, it does not appear that these cats were ever produced (see below for further comments). Similarly, if you do the same in the smoke, you get aa ii Sv-, which phenotypically corresponds to solid cats but without traces of rufousing, that is, reddish shades of the hair in eumelanistic colors, or warm tones in pheomelanistic colors. These cats can be obtained by crossing silvers heterozygous for the I gene. If cats of this type are then further crossed with each other, kittens of genotype ii sv sv can be born. From a line of smokes (non-agouti), normal solids are obtained in this case; from a line of shadeds or chinchillas, let's say homozygous agouti AA TaTa, normal ticked tabbies are obtained (like the Abyssinians; however all the shaded and chinchillas are selected against rufousing, that is in favor of polygens of redness of the hair that favor the more bruised, and therefore cannot be expected to obtain, from shaded parents or heterozygous chinchilla Ii Sv sv, ticked tabby puppies with warm reddish tones of the Abyssinians). But if instead shaded or chinchilla heterozygous for Sv and the inhibitor gene I are crossed, it will be possible to obtain puppies with the I-sv sv genotype. These puppies will be ticked tabby with the base of the hair lighter, but without the bruises produced by the sv gene (but still with not too bright reddish tones, due to the polygenic selection against rufousing). The base shade will be gold instead of red. This variety of color, in the eumelanistic versions, is called shaded golden. The corresponding pheomelanistic varieties are too close in phenotype to red (or cream) ticked tabbies to be classified as a variety in their own right. Similarly, golden tabbies can be obtained by crossing silver tabbies heterozygous for the Sv gene. Here are the genotypes of golden, compared to those of brown tabbies: Shaded golden and chinchilla golden (golden shell): A- TaTa I- sv sv Golden tabby mackerel / spotted: A- TT I- sv sv (note that the root of the hair in the brindle areas is depigmented: golden tabby shell or shaded, depending on whether the depigmentation is accentuated or reduced); Brown mackerel / spotted tabby: A- TT ii sv sv (the root of the hair in the brindle areas is not depigmented.); Golden classic (blotched) tabby: A-tbtb I-sv sv (note that the root of the hair in the brindle areas is depigmented: golden tabby shell or shaded, depending on whether the depigmentation is accentuated or reduced); Brown classic (blotched) tabby: A- tbtb ii sv sv (the root of the hair in the brindle areas is not depigmented.). Unverified predictions of the two-gene theory The reader must be warned that this genetic pattern is not entirely satisfactory. In fact, from it we deduce the existence of phenotypes not observed so far. For example, the aa I-sv sv genotype should correspond to a "golden smoke", ie a smoke with a base color of gold rather than silver. But to date, a cat with the color of golden but non-agouti has not been produced. Therefore, it may be assumed that the sv gene is inactivated on non-agouti cats. In this case, the genotypic difference between solid eumelanistic cats with or without traces of rufousing would be due only to the action of polygens. As already observed, also for the silvers (not golden) there is a dubious phenotype: the one corresponding to the genotype A- TaTa ii Sv-. It should be silver cats but not shaded, that is without depigmentation at the base, and with ticked design. As already observed, under the action of gene I the agouti bands become silver, and for example it is possible to see the effect of multiple alternating silver and black bands in the agouti areas of the black silver tabbies mackerel or blotched not depigmented at the base. But in case the design is ticked, we should have a phenotype with all the fur with alternating silver and black bands, and black at the base (in case the base color is black, of course). It is not known that cats of this type were ever produced. It can perhaps be assumed that the Sv gene is active only if gene I is active, and in fact it modifies and reinforces its action. The two additional assumptions we have made in this section in order to "rescue" the two-gene theory are equivalent to assuming that the entire Sv / sv allelic series is inactive except if gene I is present. No research has been done yet. experimental enough to confirm this conjecture. The theory of the golden factor If this last conjecture is true, in fact the two-gene theory becomes equivalent to another genetic model, which was introduced before the theory based on two independent genes. In this previous model, golden were explained by introducing, however, an additional gene g, whose epistatic action causes golden color instead of silver at the base of the silver coat (as is done to explain the Maltese dilution starting from gene B, with the addition of an epistatic gene d). The dominant allele G has no effect (does not cause a golden color at the base). Finally, it should be noted that the Sv gene causes a lack of rufousing in eumelanistic colors, but much less in pheomelanistic ones. There are red smokes and red shaded silvers whose tipping is quite hot red (especially in smokes). The golden theory = brown ticked tabby Another genetic scheme that was considered consisted in identifying the golden ones with simple cats of ticked tabby color (whose design is ticked all over, without any stripe of brindle; in TICA it is called "agouti tabby"). In fact, because the color of the coat is sensitive to temperature, it is almost always true that ticked tabby cats have a lighter coat base (open the coat of an Abyssinian!), And often the golden and ticked tabby phenotypes are difficult. to distinguish. Faced with the difficulties indicated above, deriving from the two-gene model of silver colors, this simple conjecture that golden is nothing other than ticked tabby is suggestive. In fact, the only phenotypic trait that this theory does not explain is the fact that some ticked tabbies are not very clear at the base while others (the golden ones) are very clear, but perhaps the difference could be attributed to the action of a group. of modifier polygens. Despite the difficulties, however, we will continue the discussion based on the two-gene theory, because it gives the most satisfactory explanation for the existence of two types of silver tabbies: those with black tabby areas up to the root and those with depigmented tabby areas. at the base of the hair. However, we observe that, as regards the most important phenotypic traits, this theory that identifies golden with ticked tabbies provides the same percentages of probability for crosses as the two-gene theory. The Broadband Gene Theory Finally, alternative theories have recently been considered in which two genes appear, but with different effects from what has been said above (contributions by H. Lorrimer on the Internet Fancier's List, March-April 1995). In fact, one gene is still the silvering (rufousing elimination) silver gene, but the other would be a gene that causes broadening of the light bands in agouti hair, called wide-band (Wb). However, it should be noted that, due to the large degree of variability in the length of the tipping, it would be more appropriate to speak of a group of broadband branding polygens. In this theory, the problem related to the fact that golden are only agouti (golden smokes are not observed) is obviously solved, but on the other hand the smokes are not explained, which are not only silver (i.e. without rufousing), but also lightened at the base. As these are non-agouti cats, this aspect of their phenotype cannot be due to genes that widen the clear agouti bands. On the other hand, a variant of this theory can be used to justify a theory advanced in some books: that chinchillas and shaded silver are not necessarily of ticked design. The ticked design, together with the silver inhibiting action, ensures that the color is limited to the tip of the hair (tipping). For g | the other designs this would not be the case, and furthermore the length of the tipping would be far from uniform. But if the agouti bands were dilated by a group of wide-band polygens, and then silvered by the silver gene, then the tipping would be confined to the tip of the hair, and there would be an acceptable degree of uniformity. The theory [golden = brown ticked tabby + broadband polygens]: finally an exhaustive genetic model for smoke, silver and golden! Let us return to the theory that identifies the shaded golden and ticked tabby color varieties. This is 19 the most satisfactory theory we have encountered, except for the crucial circumstance which does not explain the partial depigmentation at the base of the hair, a fundamental characteristic of the shaded golden phenotype. On the other hand, there are many cats registered as golden and with varying degrees of depigmentation, some even with almost no depigmentation ... Therefore it must be assumed that shaded golden depigmentation is not the effect of a main gene with net action. (or depigmentation or full color), but the result of the gradual (and sometimes very reduced) action of a set of polygens. But there is already a candidate for this group of polygens: the broadband modifiers introduced in the previous section. Then shaded golds would be nothing more than ticked tabby with broadband base brightening (aside from eye color, which we'll talk about later). If so, everything is fine: the golden must be tabby (no golden smokes!) And partially depigmented at the base (but the amount of depigmentation varies from one specimen to another depending on how much the effects of the individual modifier genes are added together. broadband). Naturally, in this theory the ideal shaded golden results result from crosses of shaded silver heterozygous for the silver and homozygous for the ticked pattern. What if the shaded silver parents are heterozygous also for the ticked drawing? For example, parents might carry the mackerel factor. In this case, if instead of being silver they were brown tabby (no silver), the parents would have brindle lines on the legs, chest and tail, due to the partial dominance of the ticked allele on the mackerel. But as they are shaded ilver, the branding lines will be there, but they will be faint. And in fact, there are some shaded silvers with faint traces of branding (especially from puppies, before the agouti gene reaches maximum effect). However, their golden kittens are not silver, they are brown ticked tabby, and if they carry the mackerel allele the bruises will be clearly visible on the paws, a very undesirable feature in shaded golden, but frequent. To complete the picture, the broadband modifiers transform the other designs (spotted, mackerel and classic) into the corresponding golden varieties (golden spotted tabby, golden mackerel tabby and golden classic tabby respectively), in which the agouti areas are partially depigmented at the base and have warm apricot tones. Now we finally have a satisfying golden theory. However, in order to be compatible with the silver one, it is necessary to review and correct the latter. We can no longer hypothesize two genes for silver, one for depigmentation and the other for silvering. Instead we have to go back to the one-gene theory, an inhibitory gene that we will continue to call I and that simultaneously causes silvering and depigmentation, as in smokes, for example. It should be noted that the golden genotype is not due to gene I (indeed the golden ones are heterozygous ii): the depigmentation at the base of the golden hair is instead due to the elongation of the first agouti band due to the action of the broadband modifier genes. We do not introduce a distinct main gene that causes depigmentation, otherwise, as we have seen, the theory would predict the non-existent golden smokes (golden non agouti, depigmented at the base of the hair). On the other hand, it would seem at first glance that this loses the brilliant explanation that the two-gene theory gave regarding the fact that some silver tabbies are depigmented at the root of the hair in the brindle areas and others are not. But this genetic trait can be explained in some other way. The gradual level of depigmentation at the base of the hair in the brindle areas may be caused by modifier genes similar (or possibly identical) to broadband modifiers, whose action is limited to tabby cats. With a slight conceptual abuse we can imagine that these additional modifiers belong to the same group as the broadband polygens (in reality this is not the case, because the latter act on the agouti base areas while the former act on the brindle areas: but in reality they meet many golden in which broadband depigmentation also occurs on the areas of tabby marks ...). In summary, compared to the two-gene theory our new genetic model retains the inhibitor gene I (which is now considered responsible for both depigmentation and silvering, as in the one-gene theory), and replaces the second gene with a group of polygens. , which we will denote by Wb (for "wide-band"). What is particularly satisfying is the fact that the gradual action of broadband modifiers can explain the difference between the shaded silver and chinchilla phenotypes. Unfortunately, however, we are assuming that these are polygens, which therefore are not subject to the simple and direct rules of Mendelian genetics for the main genes. In order to analyze the mathematics of this new model it is necessary to resort to statistics, the results of which are too fine to be clearly distinguished in the phenotypes. Therefore it is not easy to present the results by means of cross tables. Silver and golden It should be noted that the deepening of the single gene theory presented in the previous section, as well as the variant introduced previously, excludes the possibility of cats at the same time silver and golden: the silver phenotype is a consequence of the inhibitory gene, which the golden they do not have. Both shaded silver and golden have broadband type color suppression or lightening genes, or polygenic modifiers of the same type. In the latest version of the theory that we presented immediately above, the golden pattern is caused by the suppression action of this type of genes superimposed on hairs with already banded coloring due to the Agouti gene: thus, if the tabby design is the ticked, you get the perfect golden pattern, uniform throughout, but if the design is mackerel, spotted or (even worse) blotched, then more or less large areas of tabby marks become evident with full color, not very lightened, only orange in color in the band at the base. These patterns could be classified as golden tabby (mackerel, spotted or blotched, respectively). Since in such cases the areas where the coat has a broad golden base are less broad, these phenotypes are more difficult to determine with certainty, particularly in kittens, especially if they are phantom patterns in young cats due to heterozygous tabby genotypes with a only ticked allele, and some origins books (for example that of TICA) do not recognize them. Finally, it should be noted that the action of broadband suppression genes creates long agouti bands of pheomelanistic color, which are difficult, if not impossible, to recognize on cats of already pheomelanistic base color. If the lightening band is not long this is easier, just like in the case of the tortie ticked tabby pattern. Eye color of shaded and golden: an example of persistence? In relation to the similarity between golden and ticked tabbies, it should be remembered that in ticked tabbies the color of the eyes is gold or copper (in the case of Persians) or also hazel or yellow or yellow-green or green (in the Abyssinians). In the shaded silver or chinchilla of eumelanistic colors the eye color is not gold or copper, but emerald or blue-green. Instead, in the shaded silver or chinchilla of pheomelanistic colors, the eye color is copper. With appropriate crossings and consequent selection, it has been possible to introduce the gold or copper color in the eumelanistic shaded silver: the corresponding standard, recognized by some feline associations but not all, is called black shaded (in England, pewter). So the difference between an eumelanistic golden and the corresponding ticked tabby, although it may be barely visible in the color of the hair, is still evident in the color of the eyes, emerald in the first but not in the second. In silver tabbies, on the other hand, the eyes are green or yellow-green or gold, with a preference for green. In the shaded and in the pheomelanistic silver tabbies the color of the eyes is copper, and in the corresponding tortoiseshell varieties it can be copper or emerald (shaded) or green (silver tabby), with preference for copper. The existence of black shaded with gold eyes reveals that the emerald color of the eyes is not caused by the silver gene. It is interesting to observe that, although the color of the eyes, emerald or copper, is largely determined by a main gene, it is not common to meet eumelanistic shaded silvers with copper eyes: the emerald color occurs more frequently. So, although the color of the eyes and the hair depend on different genes, somehow there is a persistent link between the shaded silver coat and the emerald color of the eyes. This link is perhaps due to the fact that the main genes that cause this eye coloring are located on the same chromosome as the genes that cause the shaded silver color of the coat, and therefore the genetic transmission of one and the other occurs together. A situation of this type, which is called persistence, modifies the probabilities of concomitant genetic transmission of the two genes, which are very different from what they would be for two independent genes. To break the persistence, in fact, it is necessary that in the close contact of the two homologous chromosomes during the pairing that precedes meiosis, a genetic recombination takes place, that is a molecular exchange between the two chromosomes. The action of the I and Sv genes is epistatic on that of the solid color, eumelanistic and pheomelanistic genes, but not on that of the white (W) and piebald spot (S) genes. Obviously, the W- B- A- TaTa I- Sv- genotype corresponds to a phenotype in which white masks the shaded silver color on the coat, but the eye color can be either blue (due to the depigmentation action that the gene W can exert on eye color) or emerald.

Video dedicati al gatto norvegese delle foreste, carattere, cure, cure, storia della selezione , come è nata la razza, la sua preservazione dall estinzione, foto storiche dei gatti norvegesi, intervista a karin pedrona, Video about the Norwegian Forest Cat and its history