Ciao! Sono Karin Pedrona, Diplomata con Eccellenza" in Dietetica e Nutrizione Veterinaria" Specializzata in Dieta BARF, ora studentessa di Fitoterapia e Erboristeria Veterinaria. Sono orgogliosa di poterti offrire il PRIMO SERVIZIO ITALIANO di BARF COACHING! Sono un Allevatore Amatoriale di Gatti Norvegesi dal 2006 e nutro i miei gattini, adulti e anziani, con dieta BARF dal 2010 COSA E' UN BARF COACH PER GATTI ?? Il BARF Coach è PRIMA DI TUTTO UN PROFONDO CONOSCITORE E UTILIZZATORE DI LUNGA ESPERIENZA di questa dieta, che ha Competenze Tecniche professionali a 360 gradi in Dietetica e Alimentazione Veterinaria, ma sopratutto è specializzato nella Dieta BARF. MA il Barf Coach, e' più di un semplice consulente nutrizionale ; si distingue per il suo approccio olistico e personalizzato, lavorando a stretto contatto con il proprietario per implementare e mantenere una dieta cruda che possa migliorare il benessere generale dell'animale. OK , MA COSA FA? SOSTEGNO e SUPPORTO CONTINUO : il BARF coach segue il proprietario passo dopo passo, nei mesi , fornendo supporto continuo e adattamenti al percorso alimentare man mano che emergono nuove esigenze o sfide. MOTIVAZIONE: Il BARF coach motiva il proprietario in quei momenti di sconforto (che tutti conosciamo bene) quando ci troviamo di fronte a quelli che sembrano essere " capricci " del gatto, fornendogli soluzioni e un adeguata chiave di lettura. EDUCAZIONE e AUTONOMIA: Il BARF coach educa in merito ai benefici della dieta cruda, spiega i principi della dieta BARF, chiarisce i dubbi, trasmette nozioni importanti in merito a benefici e rischi, aiuta nella pianificazione della dieta, nella gestione degli alimenti e del loro acquisto, offre consigli pratici per affrontare eventuali difficoltà, come organizzare la spesa , come ottimizzare gli sprechi, come organizzare il frigorifero, quali strumenti usare, igiene e tutto ciò di cui necessita per semplificare l' utilizzo della dieta BARF al fine di rendere autonomo il proprietario. COLLABORAZIONE CON I VETERINARI: Aiuta e supporto al prorpietario del gatto nella transizione verso la dieta prescritta dal veterinario. ALLEVAMENTI FELINI : Transizione dell' Allevamento Felino e formazione per l' Allevatore all utilizzo consapevole della dieta BARF Info: karin@barfcoach.it +39 3894984632

La carne non contiene un rapporto ottimale calcio/ fosforo. Correggere una carenza di calcio con carbonato di calcio, lattato di calcio, gluconato di calcio. Soccer As can be seen in the table below most animal foods do not contain an optimal calcium / phosphorus ratio - Our attention should be directed to correcting a potential imbalance. Remember: you cannot correct a calcium deficiency with any source of bone meal, you must use a source that has little or no percentage of phosphorus, such as cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, gluconate of football. There are many different opinions on what the ideal Ca: P ratio should be, but I think it is reasonable to recommend a ratio between 1.0 and 1.3 parts of calcium to 1 part of phosphorus. Unfortunately, it may be very difficult to manage this relationship with the BARF or Whole prey, as the report _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b_bad5cf5c5-3194-bb3b-136bcc7-136bcc7 which might 136bad5cf58d_be adequate for younger cats, may not be adequate for older cats .... If necessary, it is easier to calculate the Ca: P ratio more precisely in diets without bone supply. To achieve the above recommended ratio, you need to add 1000 mg of calcium (approximately 3 grams of eggshell powder) to 1 kg of raw boneless meat ._cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ SOURCE: https://feline-nutrition.org/nutrition/the-importance-of-calcium-supplements-in-homemade-cat-food Calcium Supplements by Ch. M. Ruessheim updated: July 2, 2002 Calcium supplements come in several forms (calcium salts), but only part of the calcium salt is elemental calcium. It is important to know how much elemental calcium a supplement provides because all the dietary recommendations refer to elemental calcium. To calculate how much elemental calcium is in a supplement, multiply the total milligrams (mg) by the fraction of elemental calcium to get total mg of elemental calcium. See examples below: Calcium carbonate: = 40% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg calcium carbonate x 0.40 = 200 mg elemental calcium Calcium citrate: = 21% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg calcium citrate x 0.21 = 105 mg elemental calcium Calcium lactate: = 13% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg of calcium lactate x 0.13 = 65 mg elemental calcium Calcium gluconate: = 9% elemental calcium Example: 500 mg of calcium gluconate x 0.09 = 45 mg elemental calcium Dicalcium phosphate: = 23% elemental calcium + 19% phosphorus * Example: 500 mg of dicalcium phosphate x 0.23 = 115 mg calcium + 95 mg phosphorus * Helmut Meyer / Jürgen Zentek give different values: 21/16 Egg shells: = 36-37% elemental calcium + traces of phosphorus and trace elements Example: 500 mg of dried powdered eggshell = ca. 180 mg elemental calcium Bone meal: _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d _ = _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ 30% elemental calcium + 17% phosphorus Example: 500 mg of bone meal x 0.30 = 150 mg elemental calcium + 85 mg phosphorus Important: Different products have different calcium / phosphorus contents! Check the label! Notes: The use of bone meal as a calcium supplement for raw meat diet may not be warranted for animals with diminished kidney function due to additional phosphorus content. Some other measures: 1 teaspoon of bone meal = 4 g 1 teaspoon of calcium lactate = 3.5 g 1 teaspoon of calcium carbonate = 2.0 g 1 teaspoon of eggshell = 5 g 1 teaspoon of Kitty Bloom Kalac M34 (38-39%) = 5g 1 teaspoon of Animal Essentials Calcium Supplemen t (34%) = 3g 100g chicken neck = approx. 800 mg calcium, 500 mg phosphorus, 100 mg sodium 100g chicken feet = approx. 2130 mg calcium, 770 mg phosphorus, 125 mg sodium 1 large eggshell = approx. 6 g = approx. 2200 mg calcium Calcium / Phosphor Calculator in english Calcium / Phosphor Calculator in deutsch Very useful tool as you can vary meat type, Ca: P ratio as well as calcium / phosphor content of supplement used. The Nutritional Aspects of Bone Composition Mineral Content in Bones of Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. Domesticus) 41.2% Calcium (36.3-45.7%) 16.8% Phosphorus (15.2-18.4%) Ca: P ratio: 2.45: 1 0.49% Magnesium (0.35 - = .64%) 167 mg Zink (93-287 mg) 94 mg Iron (42-195 mg) 8.5 mg Copper (3.3-14.9 mg) 8.3 mg Manganese (4.6-13.0 mg) 10.0 mg Lead (0.9-56.8 mg) 453 mg Fluoride (290-640 mg) 11.2 mg Aluminum (1.6-20.8 mg) Mg values are per kg bone ash. Reference: Bissinger Klaus, Dissertation, University of Giessen, 2000 "Quantitativer Nachweis wichtiger Mengen- und Spurenelemente in Serum, Leber, Knochen und Vollblut sowie einige andere Gewebeparameter und Daten von gesunden, südafrikanischen domestic Farmstraussen (Struthio varachtus). Mineral Content of Chicken Feet Nutrient Composition of dried Eggshells Carbonate vs. citrate Composition of egg shells with adherence of albumen adapted from Animal By-Product Processing & Utilization H.W. Ockerman, CL Hansen Values on DMB (except water & protein)

Sono arrivati i cuccioli ! Foto e video dai primi momenti di vita dei gattini. Info su alimentazione, cure, carattere ,carattere, pedigree , cessione Litter Theme - Tema Cucciolata " Nordisk Vårbris " "Il Profumo della Primavera Nordica" Disir Nornir Venom - Disir Nornir Karibibite Karin Certificato Genealogico Pedigreè Click on the kitten photo to see the gallery Clicca sulla foto del gattino per accedere alla galleria Mildbris male - maschio Leggi la storia Solstreif Female - Femmina Leggi la storia Vårljus male - maschio Leggi la storia Vårvind male - maschio Leggi la storia Regnduft male - maschio Leggi la storia Snøklokke male - maschio Leggi la storia FRIDA è IN CERCA DELLA SUA CASA PER SEMPRE: Clicca sullA foto PER VEDERE IL SUO ALBUM, OPPURE contattami per tutte le info About us -About us About us -About us

Progetto per la salvaguardia del mantello con pattern / tigratura Ticked nel gatto norvegese delle foreste. E' arrivata la prima cucciolata Italiana di gattini Ticked ! The Norwegian Forest Cats Ticked Project for the preservation of the TICKED Pattern / Tiger in the Norwegian cat ok but what is the "TICKED"? _ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ The ticked is a very rare type of brindle in the Norwegian cat, now almost extinct. The Ticked is the classic tigratura of wild animals such as lynxes. After many, many years of research to find an heir to this pattern, finally last year DE * Afjord's Kamiko arrived. If you want to read more follow the link on_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ "Project for the protection of the Pattern Ticked in the Norwegian Forest Cat" If you want to contact us you can write to: infogattinorvegesi@gmail.com ... What Peter Clausson Friis called the lynx-cat was perhaps the "real Norwegian Forest Cat." -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ there are many similarities; are both large cats, with high legs, round feet, long mane and tufts of hair on the ears. In the Norwegian villages there were many cats of course, but in the ancient legends there is a particular type that is mentioned very often, the Huldrekat ", ...

Maschi del nostro allevamento amatoriale di gatti norvegesi, vivono in casa e nei catrun ( recinti protetti) - Non sono disponibili per monte esterne- PARENTS father: NO * FRU PEDERSENS PEDER STARUP mother: SE * ZYGOT ALLEY-OOP NO * Fru pedersen ISAK SYLVESTER Blood Type A 1st scan HCM -Negative Oct. 2015 2nd scan HCM -Negative Nov. 2017 3rd scan HCM -Negative June 2019 4th scan may 2021 - Negative PKD-PK Def - GSD4: Negative Fiv Felv: Negative 2019 Chlamydia: negative Aug. 2019 HerpesVirus Negative Aug. 2020 CalciVirus Negative Aug. 2020

Come costruire un recinto sicuro per i gatti? Vi servirà rete metallica, pali, rete morbida, PVC o Acciaio, staccionate in legno per proteggere il perimetro nella parte inferiore , sia nella parte superiore - sul sito vasta galleria fotografica, video e tante informazioni su come procedere. HOW TO BUILD A CAT FENCE (CATRUN) I would like you to read carefully my reflections which arise from the experience in the breeding of Norwegian cats since 2006 and from living with cats since I was little. In the past to me firsthand and I guess many of you who are reading it happened that a feline friend for stupid domestic accidents, or road accidents that would have been _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_quillly you could avoid. Unfortunately you have to take into account that the bred cats are still more dangerous to themselves, less cunning, and totally confident in the human being than a European / mixed breed cat grown on the street. As you may have noticed, when you entered the catrun at my house, and you met my cats for the first time, they had no problem being pampered by you, you could have easily brought them to you_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_via and they would come with you ... this says a lot about their character and what I'm about to tell you. This font is very beautiful on the one hand, because you will have a cat spectacular that will occupy a special place in your heart .... but on the other, this very intelligent character of theirs e curious, combined with inexperience, creates an explosive mix, which exposes them to greater risks than a European cat, precisely because fear is absent in them. Gardens are a great joy and well-being resource for our puppies but at the same time they are a source of great danger. These purebred puppies are not born from mothers used to getting by, jumping from trees, climbing, having the perception of emptiness and measures, running away from a dog, and being exposed to dangers of various kinds. Fortunately and unfortunately are born from mothers who for generations grow up protected loved and respected by human beings, therefore they are not able to_cc75881__5c5c3bd-136905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_to teach and above all to SHOW, what they non do inside a house. As you know, mothers are the reference point for puppies and teach, as human mothers do with their children, everything you need to approach life, with all the appropriate recommendations. (go slowly with that scooter! :-D) Too bad that cats never grow up and above all they don't learn from experience. A flight from the balcony or the window, a road crossed at the wrong time e will never grow up to be able to learn it. (among other things, there are cats with major relapses, precisely because the desire to escape and curiosity is stronger than the danger) Do not think enough to say: "I'm careful", because just get distracted for a moment to do anything and the cats, they will exactly the most dangerous things. Keeping cats safe, when you have gardens, is a duty because, in addition to incurring the dangers listed in the section of balconies, windows and terraces, in addition it could be stolen , being attacked by dogs or wild animals, falling into water collection bins, falling into wells or canals, being run over by cars, being stolen for use in dog fights, plus_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ could come into contact with sick cats of fiv and felv, for which there are no cures or vaccines. (there is the vaccine the first cause of sarcoma in cats, so it should be avoided) Contagion occurs by contact, both of mucous membranes, of feces, urine, and of blood, through bites or scratches . Here are some solutions for gardens, such as partial, full, spring, or electric closures: This is "MOLLO" which can be installed on an existing safety net, but which must be at least 2.20 meters high (remember that a stationary cat also jumps up to a height of 3 meters) Here you can see the video of its operation: http://cosedagatto.com/proteggere/mollo/ LIBERO E MORTO? O RECLUSO E STRESSATO? I giardini sono una grande gioia e risorsa di benessere per i nostri cuccioli ma , sono allo stesso momento fonte di grande pericolo. Questi cuccioli di razza, non nascono da mamme abituate ad arrangiarsi, saltare da alberi, arrampicarsi, avere la percezione del vuoto e delle misure, fuggire di corsa a causa di un cane, ed essere esposte a pericoli di vario genere. Per fortuna e purtroppo nascono da mamme che per generazioni crescono protette amate e rispettate dall' essere umano, dunque non sono in grado di insegnare e sopratutto MOSTRARE, ciò che loro non fanno all interno di una casa. Come sapete le mamme sono il punto di riferimento dei cuccioli e insegnano, come le mamme umane fanno con i loro figli, tutto ciò che serve per approcciarsi alla vita, con tutte le raccomandazioni del caso. ( vai pianoooooo con quel motorino! :-D ) Peccato che i gatti non crescano mai e sopratutto non imparino dall esperienza. Un volo dal balcone o dalla finestra, una strada attraversata nel momento sbagliato e non cresceranno mai per poterlo imparare. ( tra l altro ci sono gatti con grandi recidive, proprio perchè la voglia di scappare e la curiosità è piu forte del pericolo ) Non pensate basti dire: " ci sto attenta" , perchè basta distrarsi un attimo per fare qualsiasi cosa e i gatti , faranno esattamente le cose più pericolose. Tenere in sicurezza i gatti, quando si hanno giardini, è doveroso perchè ,oltre ad incorrere a pericoli elencati nella sezione dei balconi , finestre e terrazzi, in più potrebbe essere rubato, essere attaccato da cani o animali selvatici, cadere in bidoni di raccolta acqua, cadere in pozzi o canali, essere travolto dalle auto, essere rubato per essere utilizzato nei combattimenti per cani, in più potrebbero venire a contatto con gatti malati di fiv e felv, per le quali non ci sono cure ne vaccini. ( esiste il vaccino felv, ma è la prima causa di sarcoma nel gatto, per cui sarebbe meglio evitarlo) Il contagio avviene per contatto, sia delle mucose, che delle feci urine, sia di sangue, attraverso morsi o graffi. Eccovi alcune soluzioni per giardini, come chiusure parziali, intere, a molla, o con elettricità: Questo è "MOLLO" che si può istallare su una rete di protezione già esistente, ma che deve essere alta almeno 2,20 mt ( ricordiamo che un gatto norvegese da fermo salta anche fino ad un altezza di 3 metri) Qui potete vedere il video del suo funzionamento: http://cosedagatto.com/proteggere/mollo/ Mollo-particolare Mollo-particolare3 rete ripiegata Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it rete ripiegata all interno Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it con rete piegata all' interno Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it con rete ripiegata Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it con rete ripiegata Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it con rete piegata all' interno. Recinzione alta circa mt 2,50 con rete ripiegata indentro, per la parte ripiegata meglio usare la rete morbida ,acquistabile su: retiprotezione.it o su zooplus.it catrun1 catrun5 catrun2 catrun15 catrun19 catrun10 catrun11 catrun26 catrun30 544149_4745355792031_1888823778_n 581776_4745356512049_1031145814_n 1002514_511148792293299_1187093385_n 798301_511146912293487_51991690_o 313297_4745357592076_668884915_n 181177_479683172059684_1220989542_n CD15 copy

tabelle quantità di taurina nella carne, alcuni studi, fabbisogno taurina nel gatto, carenza di taurina alimentazione commerciale... Taurine Tables Where to read more: SOURCE1 - SOURCE 2 - FONTE 3-bbc794- bad5-136badd The taurine requirement of the adult cat H. BURGER1 andK. C. BARNETT2 Taurine in fish Study on the lack of taurine in mothers and puppies Taurine: Taurine (from the Latin taurus, bull, as it was originally isolated from bull bile by the German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-1365cf58d_ammino-sulfur-ammonium acid is an acidic chemical abundant in many tissues of various animals, including humans. Small polypeptides containing taurine have been identified, but to date no aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase has been found capable of specifically recognizing taurine and capable of incorporating it into RNA. Taurine covers numerous and important functions; is, for example, a precursor of bile salts. to produce new bile salts and replace those lost in the faeces), participates in the growth and maturation of nervous tissues, contributes to the maintenance of good eyesight and correct heart function and, in the female, has an important role at the reproductive level. A deficiency can lead to un heart failure, poor immune response, poor neonatal growth, deafness, lower number of fetuses, resorptions, miscarriages, low birth weight, low survival rate of newly born kittens born, and birth defects, such as, abnormal development of the zampe posterior, and skeletal abnormalities including curved spines and short stature. Taurine is also found in some bacterial species in more modest quantities and in rare cases in plants; _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb358d_ 136bad5cf found in red algae, but not in brown algae o green , some traces in some plant foods, such as, nuts. Taurine is also present at high levels in the insects (don't be surprised if cats love to hunt them). Taurine is abundant in the tissues of most fish, birds and rodents, and in lower concentrations in larger animals, such as cattle. Taurine in cats, is mainly synthesized in the liver by aminoacids containing sulfur, methionine and cysteine, and the action of numerous enzymes, including cysteine sulfur dioxide and cysteine dioxinic acid . In cats, as the activity of liver enzymes is very low, the biosynthesis of taurine from its precursors is insufficient_cc781905-bbc3b-3194 unlike dogs, taurine intake is therefore essential. Furthermore cats waste large amounts of taurine, in fact, like dogs, they only use taurine for the conjugation of bile acids, while humans and rats can also use glycine (Morris et al., 1987), this leads to a continuous loss of taurine, such as a substantial part is not recovered from the entero-hepatic circulation and is lost in the faeces. Why did the cat lose its ability to synthesize an essential nutrient such as taurine? In these circumstances the production of taurine is a waste of energy, while the deamination and desulfurization of cysteine is an alternative metabolic pathway that allows cats to produce energy, rather than taurine from the catabolism of the sulfur amino acids . Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in animal tissues, cats that live in the wild and which forage themselves for food by hunting, are not deficient in taurine. A mouse - contains a very high amount of taurine compared to other types of meat - about 2.4 mg / gram . The good news is that taurine is present in many types of muscle meat, is abundant in the heart. Chicken hearts are a fantastic source of taurine for cats. The amino acid taurine-sulfonic is now recognized as essential for the cat that needs about 10 mg / kg adult. In the last decade, cats fed with diets characterized by an insufficient presence of taurine have shown two diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and progressive retinal atrophy. Unfortunately, only some clinical pictures can be resolved with a subsequent supplementation of taurine and it is therefore important that this amino acid is present in adequate quantities in any diet for cats. In order to have an optimal amino acid level, canned feeds need a higher concentration of taurine than dry feeds. The reason for this difference is not known, but a reason can be found in the difference in the formulation of the two products. Furthermore, since taurine is "free", as previously mentioned, it is not incorporated into the proteins, furthermore this molecule is thermosensitive and si alloy_cc7 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_all water very quickly so it is easy to lose it in the defrosting phase of the meat- For these reasons it is advisable to administer to the cat carne cruda not minced. A diet based on pulpy bones and organs is abundant in taurine (arginine and arachidonic acid). However, heat destroys about 2/3 of the taurine content (some research says that the heat destroys between 50% and 100% of taurine). Heat destroys all essential amino acids, enzymes, and a high percentage of nutrients. This becomes a problem if you feed your cat cooked meat. Not there are clinical studies fact on the daily need_cc781905-gattofied-136 in the diet of a takadin it takes months or even years, to see the results of a taurine deficient diet . Therefore, very few experiments have been done, however, in the few controlled clinical trials that have been done it has been observed that the cats given 500 mg / kg _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_food- of taurine in their daily diet showed no signs of deficiency. At higher doses, researchers saw a slight improvement in reproduction. In a 17-month study, cats given were given 375 mg / kg daily taurine had _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136badd a normal value ERG, as opposed to 250mg which was too low and caused cardiac abnormalities. The National Research Council (NRC) specifies that the minimum recommended amount of taurine for adult cats is 0.0099 kg. per kilogram of body weight. For kittens, the minimum quantity is 0.017 kg. per kilogram of body weight, but la recommended dose of 0.33 kg. of taurine per kilogram of body weight . If you want to see the long-term results of a taurine deficiency in cats all you need to do is take a research from Dr. Frances Pottenger. From 1932 to 1942, Pottenger conducted a food experiment con foods To summarize his experiment: he divided about 100 cats into two groups: one group was fed with raw milk and raw meat, and the other group was fed cooked food and pasteurized milk. Cats fed raw food, grew up healthy and si are reproduced. The cats fed cooked foods, destroyed their salute, fell ill with blindness, heart disease, high death rate of the kittens, until they were no longer able to reproduce. As you can see, cats that were fed cooked foods had all the classic symptoms of a taurine deficiency. (NOTE: Pottenger's intention was not to study the nutritional needs of cats, but to demonstrate that "facial deformities" in humans - narrowed jaws, crowded teeth, brittle bones, and even difficult pregnancies - was the result of our Western diet made of industrial foods). Earlier this year, I had a couple of clients who came to me with cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a heart disease that causes the heart to thicken. , what I found interesting is that both of these cats were fed the same brand of a processed "holistic" cat food (how can holistic food be processed? this is what I call a oxymoron!). For me, this was a red flag. And, this is why ... most vets will tell you that the cause of HCM is unknown, or that some breeds are predisposed to HCM. I believe the nutrigenomics _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ should be considered. Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of foods and food components on gene expression. I suspected that this particular brand of cat food may have been deficient in taurine, but I checked the pet food recalls page on the FDA website , did not see the brand indicated ... However, this reminds me of a story: In 1988, a veterinary cardiology student noticed that one of his feline patients who was being treated for congestive cardiomyopathy had an extremely low blood serum ur . Now, this cat has been fed "" best quality "feed" food "premium _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-1365cf58d_commercial label, which they contained all the daily requirement of taurine. The perplexed veterinarian, came back then check other clinical cases of cardiomia_cardiomia-136b-136b-big surprise found that almost all cases of this disease had low levels of taurine in the blood. When the cats were given a taurine supplement many of them showed a noticeable improvement. What was going on? All the cats were eating "di premium quality" which supposedly contained the necessary levels of taurine! The problem was that the taurine was deactivated during the cooking procedure of processing the cat food. You see, the "feeding paths" of pet food manufacturers' only last about 6 months, so if the animal is still alive and appears to be in good health after 6 months, _cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ pet food is authorized for public sale. However, it takes more than 6 months to see the effects of a taurine deficiency in a cat. In any case, due to the discovery by this veterinary student, the pet food manufacturer corrected their mistake but, I can assure you these nutritional errors continue to occur today. If you don't believe me, just take a look at the FDA website on pet food. Now, to answer the question: Is it necessary to add a taurine supplement to raw meat? Well, I have already mentioned what happens to vitamins, enzymes and all essential amino acids when the meat is cooked ... but, with a raw meat diet the concern is only for the defrosting phase. When the meat is frosted there is only a slight decrease in taurine. Furthermore, since taurine is soluble in water and during defrosting some water is released from the meat, taurine can get lost in it ... If you are still concerned about the taurine content in raw meat then I would suggest the following: Since the highest amount of taurine is present in the muscle make sure you give it to your cat, muscle, and especially the heart (the heart is a muscle). Let's take a look at the taurine content of some meats: HERE (NOTE: Taurine is at its highest level in the small heart muscle of a mouse). If you still want to add a taurine supplement to your cat's food, remember that what you are adding is synthetic and not natural taurine. Synthetic Taurine is obtained from isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite. Another approach is the reaction of aziridine with sulphurous acid, which also leads directly to taurine. Personally, I would avoid any taurine coming from China, simply based on their reputation for exporting contaminated food. Perhaps it is impossible to avoid buying from China as it is the leading exporter of synthetic taurine. As of 2010, China alone has more than 40 taurine producers. Most of these companies employ the ethanolamine method for a total production of around 3,000 tons per year. An Important Word About Ready Commercial Barf & Taurine I'm not a huge fan of raw ground beef for several reasons: Firstly, it's soft, so_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136ccbad5cf58d -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_does not clean teeth, ( is the chewing of the bones to track _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136badaro). furthermore, minced meat is not a natural way in which a cat would have eaten its prey. Also, I do not like i specialized brands in raw ground they do not contain appropriate fruit, vegetable and vegetable to a carnivore), and synthetic vitamins. Some ready-made barf preparations, already contain bones e organi which is OK if you have a cat that doesn't eat them, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136_bad5cfandoli all i days this would be too much and could cause; liquid stool, overdose of vitamin A. (bones and organs must be added in proportion to the diet). But, more importantly, grinding the meat reduces the taurine content, _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d _cc790-5 therefore increases the surface of the meat -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_la exposes the most to air, which entails the oxidation of the to air, this entails the oxidation of the_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Also, due to exposure to air, grinding may cause a decrease in other nutrients , such as, vitamin E or vitamin B6. Additionally, grinding creates the perfect environment for bacteria to grow, and bacteria also use the taurine in the meat, further reducing the total amount of taurine available to your cat. So, if you feed your cat a raw ground diet, they can't get all the taurine they need to thrive. What we can do for our cats is give them a rotation of various solid whole pieces of fresh meat (rabbits, chicken, turkey, quail, mice, etc.), organs, bones, and limit the time the meat is kept in the freezer e above all, do not grind. TEXT TRANSLATED FROM THE DISIR NORNIR BREEDING, to use please send an e-mail to: karin72@cheapnet.it Taurine deficiency Typical bleached retina due to taurine deficiency in a cat Echocardiograph of taurine-deficiency associated dilated cardiomyopathy (time-movement mode) before (on the left) and after (on the right) taurine supplementation. In this patient, the echocardiography shows a reduced shortening fraction and a dilatation of the left cavities (left picture). These alterations are reversible after taurine administration (right picture). ESD: end systolic diameter of the left ventricle / EDD: end diastolic diameter of the left ventricle. Page being updated ... Back to Barf

Tutto ciò che vuoi sapere su come fare barf, libri, video, forum, info , link ... BENVENUTO NELLA PAGINA DEDICATA ALLA DIETA BARF! The acronym “BARF” was first used by Debbie Tripp to distinguish those people who fed their dogs with fresh and raw meat and to distinguish between eating itself. Literally “BARF” means: o Bones And Raw Foods. The BARF diet consists of raw foods of animal origin, including bones and offal. For this we can also call it Raw Diet. PREMISE Making BARF does not mean giving our cat "random raw meat pulp" or giving leftovers from the table, but it means knowing how to balance a series of _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ foods of animal origin, in order to "rebuild an ideal prey"; the PERFECT food that Mother Nature has designed to keep cats healthy. BONES, PULPIES, ORGANS, TENDONS, SKIN, AND EVEN A LITTLE PULP - all these elements are ESSENTIAL. If you want to start this food style for your cat, keep in mind that none of these foods should be missing in his diet. I invite anyone reading this page to read and inquire, including by contacting a veterinarian with experience in natural nutrition to help you get started, or you can join my facebook group " BARF ONLY CATS " where the presence of people who have been offering this diet to their cats for years will be able to give you some useful advice, avoiding gross errors. Although doing a barf diet is absolutely possible and desirable, avoid as much as possible il 'do it yourself' without the necessary information, because damage from incorrect or bad food balanced can cause serious problems ATTENTION! All the files that you will find below, are by way of example, the percentages indicated are commonly used all over the world on healthy cats . 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ a pro barf veterinarian , who will formulate a diet specially designed for your cat. The examples provided in the files are not formulated by nutritionists, but are indications handed down from the experience of people who have been using barf for many years, as the Veterinary Doctor Lisa Pierson _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ or Veterinarian Ian Billinghurst who have not only fed their cats and dogs for 50 years with barf, but also treat their patients with this type of diet. Can't get the cat to BARF? Short on time? _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Worried about making mistakes and preparing unbalanced meals? Don't know how? _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ If you want to be followed exclusively, with dedicated sessions, Tutorials, Recipes, Insights, you can write to me or call LIBRERIA Dieta Barf - Le Regole Barf Diet - Getting Started calculating bone percentages in the diet raw fish nell feeding the cat Recipes: Why è better not to grind the meat Taurine Anchor 1 PILLOLE di BARF - Short VIDEO - playlist Prossimo video dedicato alle ossa polpose in uscita a dicembre Gruppi social e Siti web Condividi i Meme sulla Barf! S ei libero di scaricarli e usarli dove vuoi

Il gatto Norvegese delle Foreste è una creatura fiera e maestosa, con un cuore grande e gentile, con i suoi occhi penetranti e il portamento elegante, incarna la bellezza selvaggia. È un compagno leale e giocoso, che ama esplorare e arrampicarsi. Nonostante il suo aspetto forte e robusto , è dolce e affettuoso, sempre pronto a fare le fusa accanto a te.dolcissimo con i bambini, la sua presenza calma e rassicurante trasforma ogni casa in un luogo accogliente e pieno d'amore the Character of the Norwegian Cat Until you have loved a Norwegian Cat a part of your soul will always be without light ... LOVING PROUD JOYFUL BOLD CLUMSY PARTICIPATES GOOD GARBATO STUBBORN OUTGOING ADVENTED IMPRUDENT FRIENDLY SENSITIVE PATIENT STUBBORN COMMUNICATIVE ELEGANT PRICKLY As a first note on the Norwegian Cat character I absolutely want to dispel a hard-to-die myth: " the male is more cuddly than the female or vice versa" This is absolutely false! sex does not determine the degree of affection. Often when you start looking for a cat, the question that arises is: Male or Female? It could easily happen to commit the error of relying on previous experience looking for "that affection" in the same sex as the previous cat, NOTHING MORE WRONG. You will soon realize if you come to visit me! My female cats are extremely affectionate, cuddly, outgoing, as are the males. What makes the difference is not the sex of the cat, but the time you will dedicate to interacting with her / him, obviously if you relate without prejudice, this will allow you to grasp other nuances of character, which are _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_typical of that individual and perhaps, you will be amazed by feeling in harmony with a male, rather than a female. Being affectionate is one of the typical characteristics of this breed, both males and females alike. Who has never met him live and observes him from a photograph, due to his size, his proud appearance and his look so "feline" _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ may have the impression that the Norwegian Forest Cat is a detached cat .... cold ... But it will be enough to meet him live only once, to have a totally different perception and to grasp his infinite sweetness. The Norwegian cat does not meow but emits a sound similar to a trill or to the sound emitted by lynxes, it has a great ability to modulate its voice based on what it wants to express ... (we just have to find the translator! " :-D) To show us or ask for affection, the Norwegian cat invents them all, from supon a table to get to give the typical little heads, small bites, or to use his trotters to make us a caress _cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_o to touch us to attract our attention ..... _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb589094-136bad5cde-3194-bb589094-136bad5ccc3 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ 1_cc7819094-badd5-136bcc5_b58f5-3194-badd5-136bcc5_ -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136badc5cf58d5-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d5 -1394c5-3194c5905-3194c5-3194c5-3194c5-3194d81-3194b905 bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc7819094-badd5-136bcc5__cc7819094-5cde-136badc5-3194-badd-136bcc5_ 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ (page under construction, come back to visit us ....)

Costo adozione di un gattino/cucciolo di gatto Norvegese delle foreste. Tutto quello che devi conoscere prima di acquistare. Gatti hosting gratuito e molto altro... INFORMATION How much does a Norwegian Forest cat kitten cost? How much does a Norwegian cat cost, young or adult? _Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ It is true, for those approaching the world of purebred cat breeding, the price is one of the important information, which is first asked, but it is also true that it is one of the questions that the more it hurts the sentiment of the kittens breeder .... You may be wondering why some breeder to this question has not answered you or perhaps answered you in an annoyed way ... I would like to introduce you to the merits, explaining why: The reimbursement of expenses that is requested is not enough to cover all the expenses incurred during the year ... it is not easy to explain in 4 words to those who have never known the "behind" the wings ", how many problems and expenses must be incurred in order to have healthy, happy and well socialized cats and kittens. The economic side, as the first parameter to evaluate the adoption, in the eyes of those who may not have slept for a week in a row to assist a mother with problems and perhaps have left 1000 euros at the vet for cesarean delivery, is really demeaning ... Although the person has all the justified reasons to ask for it, often one feels disheartened and without any appreciation for what is being done ... For this I ask you, try to identify yourself for a moment; try to think of the affection that binds us to a kitten that we have seen born and we have grown for 3 months and then having to entrust it to others who approach us hard-nosed writing only "PRICE ???" How would you feel? Try to put yourself in our shoes where you have NOT spared us in any way, to raise them, starting from the probiotic supplement at 27 euros per tube, which is not enough even for 2 days on an average litter ... from the cost of food of the best quality (in my case meat from the supermarket prepared by me) to the awake nights to breastfeed them, to look after them as like children in the stages of growth, they can get sick and even die ..._ cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ e while this happens you have the old man of the house with whom you are facing chemotherapy, with a heart broken by pain, hoping he will make it_cc781905-5cde-3194-3194 -136bad5cf58d_ ... e this is just a small slice of reality ..._ cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Try to think that on this side of the screen ... there are people with all their emotional baggage and the refund asked is vital for their cats, try to use a kind way ... and please! Do not ask us for discounts ... we are not at the market to buy a t-shirt! -_- ' When it comes to living beings the MOST important thing is the health of the puppy and its parents. Here I will try to briefly explain as much as I can, how I grow and what guarantees my puppy has. My philosophy is that of respecting the nature of the Norwegian cat, trying to give them a life as rich as possible of experiences and close (as far as possible) to freedom - feeding them with natural food -biologically appropriate- followed by a veterinarian nutritionist. Our puppies (but also the parents) are fed with Natural food , they do not use kibble and industrial feed rich in cereals that in the diet of a feline, as a narrow carnivore, should not exist. When your Norwegian puppy leaves my home, he will bring with him his natural diet that if you want, you can easily follow thanks to a simple guide with videos and tutorials which I will provide, otherwise I will recommend some of the industrial brands that are less harmful to our beloved Norwegian cats. When the puppy leaves my house he is able to eat both natural and industrial food, as in the last weeks he stays with his mother and siblings, I insert a part of "Grain free" wet and dry feed, in so that you can have a puppy with a really varied and accurate weaning, that will have no problems di "addiction to a specific brand". The parents of the puppies live at home with me but also outdoors in large "protected" enclosures where they can, play and live in the open air and this protects them from many typical overcrowding diseases. -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ The sun, the air, being able to hunt, play and socialize in an adequate way, guarantees that they can satisfy their ethological needs, this keeps them happy, balanced cats able to transmit this character to their offspring. I pay particular attention to the socialization of kittens, who grow up at home with me, pampered and spoiled. They are soon put in contact with feline uncles and grandparents, but also humans, in order to develop an even more balanced character . _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ An important factor that significantly affects the price of the Norwegian cat kitten, are the costs incurred between veterinarians, genetic laboratories, cardiologists to ascertain that the two parents are not they are carriers of the same pathology, and therefore by mating they could fissarne and genetic characters, with the consequent birth of carriers or even sick puppies. Some general information on the parents of the litters: Parents are tested in 2020 for: fiv, felv (ELISA) -giardia (PCR) -NEGATIVE 2021 Parents tested (genetic): GSD4, PKDef -NEGATIVE- Screening Echocardium for Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Ultrasound x Renal Polycystosis (PKD) - NEGATIVE 2021 These tests carried out on parents, some are annual while some are genetic so it is enough to have them done only once. They are visible in a folder (on Dropbox) online, of which you will have the link if you are interested in a kitten. More information on these pathologies you can read them here Therefore, when the puppy leaves his home he will have: -Pedigree ANFI -Agreement between the parties with Health Guarantees. - Certificate of good health issued by our veterinarian, 2 Trivalent Vaccines- or Antibody Titration (to be chosen by the new owner) 2 Negative stool tests for parasites + giardia, timbred in the health booklet by our veterinarian _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5 Treated with pesticide. I follow the owners in a particular way for at least 1 year, until the insertion in the new families is not completed and cmq I will always be available for anything for "the puppy's whole life" and in case something happens, I am available to take it back even in age adult. I like to be and remain a point of reference for new families, of course if this is also your desire. Puppy leaves my house with a kit which includes feeding school, tutorials, pdf videos, food barf. ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ _d04a07d8-9cd1 -3239-9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf584bd9-136bad5cf587d_-136bad5cf587d_ 136bad5cf587d_ 136bad5cf587d5 -134bd8 -5398395 -3395 -3c584905- 20813d6c673b_ ∆ ∆ ∆ _cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ∆ ∆_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136b3b-136bad5cf58d_ ∆_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136b3b- 136bad5cf58d_ 9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf584a ∆ _d08 -9cd1-3239-9149-20813d6c673b_ ∆ FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE NORWEGIANS OF THE FORESTS, CHARACTER , FOOD , CARE , TEST , PRECAUZONI , HISTORY AND LEGENDS , PEDIGREE , HOW MUCH DOES A NORWEGIAN PUPPY COST, WE INVITE YOU TO VISIT VARIOUS SECTIONS OF OUR WEBSITE 134

vendita cuccioli, vendita gatti norvegesi, cuccioli norvegesi,allevamento gatti norvegesi, gattini norvegesi, cuccioli gatti norvegesi LITTERS CLICCA SULLA FOTO PER VEDERE LE 2 CUCCIOLATE OPPURE SCORRI GIU PER LEGGERE QUALCHE INFORMAZIONE SUI TERMINI DI CESSIONE DEI MIEI CUCCIOLI/GATTINI NORVEGESI DELLE FORESTE On this page you will not find words such as sold, booked, free, for sale, etc. as we are not on a footwear e-shop ... If you want more info on availability, I invite you to write or call. Not all kittens you will find in the Kittens section will be adoptable, as the litters are born in order to continue the lineage of the "Norskogatt" "How They Live and Grow" - DO NOT LIVE IN CAGES or SMALL ROOMS: In addition to being "free" to roam anywhere in my house, my Norwegian cats have at their disposal various outdoor spaces completely fenced and protected, in which they can play, climb, enjoy the sun and the air open, which we know is important for their well-being. Their puppies live in the house with me, until their departure for their new homes, following precise techniques of socialization with other cats and humans . - DO NOT LIVE STRESS FROM OVER POPULATION: In these large spaces, mothers and fathers do not experience stressful situations caused by their state of fertile cat and the presence of "competitors", in this way they can transmit their balanced, sweet character to the puppy _cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_e loving. - I DO NOT USE INDUSTRIAL FEED -I raise the Norwegian cat and its kittens feeding it in a biologically appropriate way, as just like their wild cousins, cats evolved as hunters , jaws and digestive systems are suitable for diets rich in fresh meat. The puppies are used to various types of food so as not to have problems related to single-brand stores. My cats and kittens are followed by a veterinarian nutritionist. - I DO NOT ENTRUST THE PUPPIES BEFORE THE END OF 3 MONTHS -It is my goal to entrust extremely socialized puppies, affectionate and loving, who will not be afraid of relatives and friends who will come to visit you. SUPPORT FOR FAMILIES I like to help by advising families, to prepare for the arrival of the new member, to create an environment that will give him everything he will need, from environmental enrichment, to where to place food and bedding , corners to hide and rest, up to which scratching post to buy. I like to remain a point of reference for families for any future needs and occasionally receive some photos to see my puppies grow. In this regard, I manage two Facebook groups, one that concerns the family management of the cat, how to solve small problems of coexistence, Norwegian Love History and Health _cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_e one dedicated to its power supply. "Barf only Cats" I DO NOT TRUST THEIR HEALTH TO LUCK: -Our Cats are periodically tested for: HCM- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Fiv -Felv - Feline immunodeficiency and leukemia - GSD 4- Glycogenosis type 4 - PKD- Polycystic kidney syndrome Parasitological faeces generic and for Giardia_cc781- 3190-5 136bad5cf58d_ - I DON'T TRUST CATS WITHOUT PEDIGREE A pedigree costs only 13 euros, and is the only tool that gives you the guarantee that the cat is a true descendant of the Norwegian Forest Cat. It guarantees you that the cats have not been exploited to produce hundreds of out-of-control litters. It guarantees you that the mandatory health tests have been carried out. I DO NOT DELIVER CATS AT HOME Anyone who wants my puppy must be willing to get to know me and the whole feline family. A puppy is not a parcel, neither a "gift" nor a "surprise", but a living being that needs respect. The adoption takes place through a contract, with obligations and rights. I DO NOT RELY GATTI TO THIRD PARTIES I don't trust cats a Shops, you will NEVER find one of my kittens for sale in a "showcase" Kittens must grow up in close contact with their mother and siblings and a breeder who looks after them and socializes them from the first moment of life up to at least 3 months. I don't give puppies as gifts to third parties I don't know, or who don't want to come and meet me. DO NOT TRUST PUPPIES FREE TO RIDE Balconies and Windows and Gardens must be secured. Fresh air and sunlight are important for the health and well-being of humans and animals. But allowing a cat to roam freely or to expose itself in the window or on the balcony sill is very risky! So how to do it? I will help you with my experience, in securing your thing as you do when a baby arrives, with little tricks and tricks. "Quality Charter and Free Services for Adopters Pedigree that certifies the belonging to the breed and the commitment of the breeder. Puppy Parents Health Record (test reports carried out; viral, congenital, hereditary diseases.) _ Cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Kitten Health Certificate. Coprology Test and Giardia Test. Complete vaccine prophylaxis (2 trivalent vaccines) or Antibody Titration and Homeopathic Vaccine. Weaning 100% natural food BARF with meats raised in the open, organic. (no industrial foods such as croquettes and canned goods) Barf Natural Food School. (with handouts, tutorials, videos, shopping list, how to read labels, list of prepackaged foods without cereals and supervision) Supply of fresh food - frozen. Guided path of preparation for the kitten's arrival: shopping list and dedicated discount codes, arrangement of the cat's objects in the house, various documentation including a list of poisonous plants, the approach with children, with another cat ... and much more. Guided tour to make the house, balconies, garden safe. Transfer Agreement, with guarantee and post-adoption assistance Fel D1 allergen tolerance test in a dedicated room.

La salute dei Gatti Norvegesi non viene lasciata al caso...Siamo seguiti da Veterinari specializzati... Our Veterinarians, Specialists and analysis laboratories -All of our Cats are tested annually and occasionally for genetic diseases and for: ANNUALLY -HCM- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: read more OCCASIONALLY-HD- Hip dysplasia: learn more OCCASIONALLY-Fiv OCCASIONALLY - Felv GENETICO- GSD 4: learn more 1 VOLTA -PKD - Polycystic Kidney Syndrome: find out more GENETIC -PK-Def-Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: read more : TO THE INSERTION OF A NEW CAT -TriTrichomonas - Giardia-5c3b-136bad5cf58d_bad5-136c3 -5cf58d_Giardia-136 bb3b-136bad5cf58d_Felv EACH LITTER- Giardia EACH LITTER- Parasitological faeces All NEGATIVE in 2019 IN ADDITION: All our puppies leave our home with their health record which includes: Veterinary certificate of good health. Parental tests (see above) e when possible also those carried out on grandparents, especially with regard to hypertrophic cadiomyopathy (HCM) Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PK-Def) Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK-Def for short) is a genetically based disease. Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme found inside red blood cells and controls their ability to produce energy to survive. When the enzyme is deficient, the red blood cells undergo premature destruction (erythrolysis) and this therefore leads to a reduction in their blood number. The resulting anemia is therefore the primary consequence of the deficit. However, the diagnosis of PK-Def on a symptomatic basis can be very difficult: since the cat's body is able to adapt the production of red blood cells in the face of their decrease, anemia can occur occasionally or intermittently. The development of the disease is slow, in most cases, with vague symptoms such as lethargy and loss of appetite. However, there is the possibility that the cat will develop very severe anemia, which could put its survival at risk. PK-Def is a congenital disease with a genetic basis, for which there is no cure and, since anemia is very often mild, the clinical signs may not be immediately obvious and therefore the condition may be underestimated for a long time. There are cases of deaths within two years, but also cases where the life expectancy is long (over 8 years). It is essential for a cat affected by the disease that its living conditions are optimal and that stressful events are avoided as much as possible. The disease is typical of the Abyssinian and Somali breeds, but can be found in breeds that have undergone hybridization with the Abyssinians or Somalis as well as in domestic cats. Genetic profile PK-Def is an autosomal recessive disease. This means that a cat can be defined: normal: does not have any copy of the defective gene, will not become ill with the disease or pass the disease to the offspring carrier: in the pair of alleles that define the disease, there is a defective allele. The cat will never get sick, but it will be able to pass the mutation to the offspring affected: the pair of alleles is composed of two defective chromosomes. The cat will develop the disease and will certainly pass the mutation on to the offspring. In case of mating between two PK-Def carriers, since both parents have a copy of the defective gene, they will be able to pass the mutation to the offspring. Specifically, two carriers will generate 25% of puppies affected by the disease, 50% of carrier puppies and 25% of healthy puppies. In case of mating between a carrier cat and a healthy cat (ie not a carrier of the deficiency), we will have 50% carrier cats and 50% healthy cats. In a mating between two affected cats, 100% of the offspring will be affected. Management on the farm From a breeding point of view, affected cats should not be used for breeding. It is possible to use carrier cats, obviously defining a control and negativization plan of the line, to manage the pathology as much as possible and go towards the eradication of the pathology in the breed. In the Abyssinian and Somali breeding, due to the small number of subjects currently working with, the breeding plans include the conscious use of carriers, because their carpet sterilization would involve serious problems of numerical consistency of the gene pool. In general, what needs to be done when deciding to use a carrier on the farm is to mate it with non-carrier cats, test the litter and prefer to continue working on the line keeping mutation-negative cats on the farm. In this way, the dual objective of "cleaning" the bloodline and, at the same time, of preserving it will be achieved. The UC Davis study As we have already published in the previous article, News on PK-Def in Norwegian Forest Norwegian, un recent study by UC Davis_cc781905-5cde-3194_badica-136b3b the disease is also present in the Norwegian Forest Cat, although at present we do not yet have precise indications on the gene frequency and on the consequent percentages of carriers and affections in the breed. We therefore suggest, in this first phase, to test your cats and to submit the results of the tests to the public databases for collecting the results, to allow a more in-depth study on the spread of the mutation. Where to take the test Since the mutation found in the Norwegian Forest Cat is the same as the one found in the Abyssinians and Somalis for which genetic testing already exists, it is possible to test your cats in different laboratories that are already certified to perform the test. It is possible to perform the test with either a blood sample or a buccal sample. Here is a non-exhaustive list of the laboratories to which you can turn: Genefast (Italy - agreement with Anfi) Vetogene (Italy) UC Davis (USA) Laboklin (Germany) Text taken da http: //www.clubnorvegesi.com/ Type IV Glycogenosis GSD IV (glycogen storage disease type IV) is part of a group of diseases, called glycogenoses. Type IV affects the Norwegian Forest Cat. They are well described pathologies also in humans, classified as rare diseases. In a normal organism, the excess glucose obtained from the diet or from the conversion of proteins and fats is stored in a branched chain of polymers, glycogen, built using the enzyme GBE (glycogen branching enzyme) as a catalyst. When the body needs energy, glucose molecules are removed from the glycogen and released into the bloodstream or used by the tissues. The ability to efficiently add and remove glucose from glycogen depends on the complexity of its branching structure. GSD IV is a hereditary deficiency of the GBE enzyme: affected subjects store an abnormal form of glycogen which, therefore, leads to an insufficient use of glucose. Hence GSD IV can be considered a chronic hypoglycemia that inexorably worsens towards death (because the body is unable to use glucose effectively). In cats, affected kittens die a few hours or days after birth, most likely because they do not have enough glucose to survive delivery and the first hours / days of life. The late form is rarer, for which the puppy is healthy up to 5/7 months and then suddenly shows a stunted growth and widespread weakness, with the following symptoms: high hyperthermia (over 40 °), insensitive to corticosteroids intermittent and generalized tremors that become permanent intermittent, "hiccup" weakness muscle weakness, followed by muscle atrophy, fibrotic contractures of joints that lead to movement and feeding difficulties and that require continuous assistance from the owner quadriplegia Affected cats can survive up to 10/14 months. They die of cardiac arrest, sometimes after coma. The disease is fatal and there is no cure. It is possible that it is confused with neonatal isoerythrolysis because the symptoms can suggest both pathologies. The only thing that can be done is the test (genetic for GSD IV, blood group identification with B allele typing for neonatal isoerythrolysis). Genetic profile The GDS IV mutation is recessive, which implies that the possibility of it expressing itself in the offspring exists only if both parents are carriers of the mutation. There are 3 different possibilities: both parents are healthy (they are homozygous for the normal allele): the children are healthy and will not carry the mutation. if one of the parents is carrier (heterozygous) we will have about 50% carrier and 50% healthy cats among their offspring. When two carriers are mated we get 25% sick cats, 50% carriers and 25% healthy cats. Recall that a carrier cat is a cat that does not have the disease and that will never develop it. However, he will be able to to transmit the mutation to his children. The test A genetic test, on blood or buccal swab, is available to identify not only affected cats but also carriers. Some laboratories that perform this test are: Vetogenic Genefast Antagen Genindexe Laboklin PennGen Each laboratory provides for the sending home, upon request, of the test material (swabs or blood collection tubes), together with the necessary documentation. In some cases it is required, for a correct identification of the cat, that the microchip is applied. Insights FYFE et al. (2007) A complex rearrangement in GBE1 causes both perinatal hypoglycaemic collapse and late-juvenile-onset neuromuscular degeneration in glycogen storage disease type IV of Norwegian forest cats, Mol Genet Metab. 90, 4, 383-92. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17257876 Glycogenoses on Wikipedia FYFE et al. (1992) Glycogen storage disease type IV: inherited deficiency of branching enzyme activity in cats., Pediatr Res. 32, 6, 719-25.FYFE (1995) Glycogen storage disease in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc. 206, 3, 286. GASCHEN et al. In Congenital feline myopathies, Glycogen Storage disease type IV, 360-361 http://www.winterfyre.com/testing/ http://gsd4.de.vu/ v Text taken da http: //www.clubnorvegesi.com/ Anchor 4 Anchor 5 The health of our cats